山東海草灣養(yǎng)生度假村改造設(shè)計 | 灰空間建筑事務(wù)所

01.項目背景

01.Project Background

范家村位于山東省威海榮成市石島管理區(qū)，東臨石島灣內(nèi)湖，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是一個典型的北方行列庭院式村落。近年來石島在“百里海岸線，一條風(fēng)景鏈”的政策指引下，全區(qū)著重打造“最美漁鄉(xiāng)”民俗展示區(qū)、“十里古鄉(xiāng)”文旅結(jié)合區(qū)、“山居海韻”風(fēng)情體驗區(qū)、“品質(zhì)農(nóng)業(yè)”休閑觀光區(qū)四大板塊，并專門開設(shè)一條貫穿四大美麗鄉(xiāng)村特色板塊的全域美麗鄉(xiāng)村旅游示范帶，范家村位于示范段中段。

Fanjia Village is located in the Shidao Management Area of Weihai City, Shandong Province, of which the beautiful scenery of Shidao Bay Inner Lake is to the east. It is a typical northern ranks courtyard-style village. In recent years, Shidao has been guided by the policy of "one hundred miles of coastline, one scenic chain". The "most beautiful fishing village" folklore display area, "ten miles of ancient township" cultural tourism combination area, "mountain residence sea rhyme" style experience area, "quality agriculture "Leisure and sightseeing area" four sections can be created, which can be dedicated to open a whole area of beautiful countryside tourism demonstration belt through the four beautiful countryside characteristic sections. Fanjia Village is located in the middle section of the demonstration section.

▼鳥瞰 ?陳顥

Aerial view  ? Chen Hao

▼村落街道 ?陳顥

Village streets  ? Chen Hao

隨著沿海岸線整體景區(qū)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)，傳統(tǒng)海草房古民居村落逐漸被拆除，范家村周圍的肌理逐漸被破壞，截止2020年5月，基本已消失殆盡，取而代之的是行列式的板式住宅樓和別墅區(qū)。范家村內(nèi)部的房屋也被空置，部分房屋已衰敗，正等待著新的功能。

With the construction of the overall scenic area and infrastructure along the coastline, the traditional village has been gradually demolished and the fabric around Fanjia Village has been gradually destroyed, and as of May 2020, it has largely disappeared, replaced by ranks and columns of boarded-up residential buildings and villa areas. The houses within Fanjia Village have also been left vacant, some of them decaying and awaiting new functions.

▼10年范家村肌理變化 ?Google Earth+Coen繪制

10 years of changes in the texture of Fanjia Village  ?Google Earth+ Coen Drawing

02.問題與挑戰(zhàn)

02. Issues and Challenges

如何留住鄉(xiāng)愁，讓歷史記憶與現(xiàn)代生活共存是本次設(shè)計的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。一方面，原有村落的肌理特征和海草房的遺產(chǎn)需要保留，另一方面，現(xiàn)有房屋布局體系為一種功能性的、兵營式的布局，場地缺乏識別性，土地節(jié)約型和院落空間的層次性上都有欠缺。如何在保留村落肌理、院落空間、原鄉(xiāng)民居格局的基礎(chǔ)上調(diào)整適配空間以滿足酒店的運(yùn)營功能；同時，在保護(hù)酒店私密性的前提下保留和擴(kuò)展公共空間的開放性和整體空間的連續(xù)性，是本次設(shè)計的一個主要的挑戰(zhàn)。

Retaining nostalgia and allowing historical memories to coexist with modern life is the starting point of this design. On the one hand. On the other hand, the existing house layout system is a functional, barracks-style layout, and the site lacks recognition, land conservation and the hierarchy of the courtyard space. How to adapt the space to meet the operational functions of the hotel while preserving the village fabric, courtyard space and the pattern of the original village houses; at the same time, preserving and extending the openness of the public space and the continuity of the overall space while protecting the privacy of the hotel, is a major challenge for this design.

▼基地航拍 ?業(yè)主提供

Base Aerial Photograph ? Owner Provided

▼近景鳥瞰 ?陳顥

Close up aerial view ?  Chen Hao

03.材料與建造：延續(xù)與再生

03. Materials and Construction: Continuity and Regeneration

海草房古民居是膠東地區(qū)最具代表性的傳統(tǒng)民居，是長期環(huán)境、氣候影響的結(jié)果。沿海地區(qū)夏季多雨潮濕、冬季多雪寒冷，特殊的地理位置和氣候條件下，民居主要考慮冬天保暖避寒，夏天避雨防曬，工匠以厚石砌墻，用海草曬干后作為材料苫蓋屋頂，建造出海草房。

The ancient dwellings of the sea grass houses are the most representative traditional dwellings in the Jiaodong region, and are the result of long-term environmental and climatic influences. In the coastal area, it was rainy and humid in summer and snowy and cold in winter, so the main consideration for the dwellings was to keep warm in winter and protect them from rain and sun in summer.

▼傳統(tǒng)海草房村落街道 ?來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Village street ? from the internet

原有海草屋的真實性如何保留、如何修復(fù)現(xiàn)有屋頂、插入新的結(jié)構(gòu)、充分利用具有地域特色的建筑材料并使其融為一體是這個項目建造的重點(diǎn)。

How the authenticity of the original seagrass huts was preserved, how the existing roofs were restored, new structures inserted, and how the building materials with regional characteristics were fully utilised and integrated was the focus of the construction of this project.

▼公共院落空間 ?陳顥

Public Courtyard Space ? Chen Hao

整體建造策略上回歸建造的本質(zhì)，注重建造過程與完成形式之間的邏輯關(guān)系。老房子為海草頂，以修復(fù)為主，體現(xiàn)地域特色；新建建筑為平屋面，突出純粹的砌筑體量特征。新老建筑之間通過相同的建筑材料、相似的比例關(guān)系融合在一起。

The overall construction strategy returns to the essence of construction, focusing on the logical relationship between the building process and the finished form. The old house with its sea grass roof is restored to reflect the regional character; the new building with its flat roof highlights the purely masonry volume character. The old and new buildings are fused together through the same building materials and similar proportional relationships.

▼民宿院落空間 ?陳顥

B&B courtyard space ?  Chen Hao

海草屋面：

Seagrass Roofing.

用于建造的海草是生長在5-10米淺海的大葉海苔等野生藻類，非常柔韌，由于含有大量的鹵和膠質(zhì)，有防蟲蛀、防霉?fàn)€和不易燃燒的特點(diǎn)?！耙粭澓２莘啃枰?0多道工序，全部都是手工藝?！?海草房建造過程中請來當(dāng)?shù)厥煜すに嚨睦蠋煾抵笇?dǎo)施工，按照準(zhǔn)備工作、做檐頭、苫屋坡、封頂、灑水、平實五個步驟，原汁原味體現(xiàn)地域特色。

The seagrass used for construction is wild algae such as large-leaved seaweed that grows in shallow seas of 5-10 metres. It is very pliable and, due to its high content of brine and gum, is resistant to insects, mould and burning. "A seagrass house requires more than 70 processes, all of which are handcrafted." Local masters familiar with the craft are brought in to guide the construction of the seagrass house, which follows five steps: preparation, making the eaves, thatching the slope, sealing the roof, sprinkling water and levelling the ground, reflecting the regional characteristics in their original form.

▼海草房構(gòu)造剖軸側(cè)

Seagrass house structural profile axis side

▼從入口看下海草房屋頂 ?陳顥

The roof of the Lower Seaweed House as seen from the entrance ? Roy Chen

▼海草房群落空間 ?陳顥

Seaweed House Cluster Space ? Roy Chen

砌筑墻體：

Masonry Walls.

保留建筑的墻體維持建筑的原貌，有的是上部為磚墻、下部為石墻的形式，有的是自上而下的完整石墻。新建的部分為了保持院落的完整性，增加了石砌的院墻。景觀元素局部采用銹鋼板及深灰色不銹鋼板，以工業(yè)感襯托手工感。石墻材料為當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)的石島紅，有平縫和亂縫兩種類型，在建造方式上，遵循當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍﹤鹘y(tǒng)建造工藝，這種工藝掌握在當(dāng)?shù)乩蠋煾档氖种?，砌筑一人一天只能一到兩個平方左右，亂縫墻是兩到三個平方。這種做法費(fèi)時費(fèi)工，但卻是對于傳統(tǒng)建造技藝的傳承，也是一種在地化的鄉(xiāng)村營造理念。

The walls of the preserved buildings maintain the original appearance of the buildings, either in the form of brick walls at the top and stone walls at the bottom, or complete stone walls from top to bottom. The newer parts of the building have additional stone masonry walls in order to maintain the integrity of the courtyard. The landscape elements are partially made of rusted steel plates and dark grey stainless steel panels to set off the handmade feel with an industrial feel. The stone walls are made from locally produced stone island red and are available in two types, 

flat seam and messy seam. In terms of construction, they follow some traditional local construction techniques, which are in the hands of local masters, and can only be built by one person for about one to two square feet a day, while messy seam walls are two to three square feet. This is a time-consuming and labour-intensive process, but it is a way of passing on traditional building techniques and a localised concept of village construction.

▼景觀石墻 ?陳顥

Landscape Stone Wall ? Chen Hao

▼新砌筑的院墻和保留的老墻 ?陳顥

New masonry wall and preserved old wall ? Chen Hao

▼石頭院墻 ?陳顥

stone walls ? Chen Hao

生態(tài)泥抹面：

Clay Plastering.

新老建筑墻體上均采用生態(tài)泥抹面，設(shè)計用白灰和泥土以2:1的方式并采用特殊的流程工藝還原古舊泥墻的建筑肌理，形成獨(dú)特的光澤及文化品質(zhì)，相同的材料使得新老建筑緊密結(jié)合在了一起。

Clay plaster is used on both the old and new building walls, designed with a 2:1 ratio of white ash to rammed earth and using a special process technology to restore the architectural texture of the old mud walls, creating a unique lustre and cultural quality, with the same materials making the old and new buildings closely integrated.

▼新建生態(tài)泥抹面外立面 ?陳顥

New clay plaster facade ? Roy Chen

▼新建生態(tài)泥抹面外立面 ?陳顥

New clay plaster facade ? Roy Chen

墻面上的拴馬樁是對于過去海草房記憶的延續(xù)。

The hitching post on the wall is a continuation of the memory of the past seaweed house.

▼保留的拴馬樁 ?陳顥

The preserved hitching post ?  Chen Hao

04.場所與地點(diǎn)：打造北方海邊新型院落

04. Place and location: Creating a New Type of Courtyard by the Northern Sea

設(shè)計對現(xiàn)狀26個院子設(shè)計之初都進(jìn)行了勘察，找出其中五個質(zhì)量較差的院落進(jìn)行拆除，院落通過合并、拆除、擴(kuò)大，改變原有單元的組合方式，更適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代住宿的需求。原有建筑26間，設(shè)計完成后整合為19間。改造后剩余的19個院子屋面全部延續(xù)為海草房屋頂，形成完整的海草房村落。

The design surveyed all 26 of the current courtyards at the beginning of the design, identifying five of them of poor quality for demolition. The courtyards were combined, demolished and expanded to change the way the original units were put together and to better suit the needs of modern accommodation. The original building of 26 rooms was consolidated into 19 after the design was completed. The roofs of the remaining 19 courtyards after the transformation were all continued as seagrass house roofs, forming a complete seagrass house village.

▼總圖

General view

拆除后的空地形成公共庭院，分別命名為水院（Watering Courtyard）、茶院（Tea Courtyard）、游苑（Playing Garden）、泳池（Swimming Pool）、靜心苑（Health Garden）、 田苑（Field Garden），三條主要道路和六個庭院構(gòu)成一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)，流線方便可達(dá)。

The demolished open spaces form public courtyards, named Watering Courtyard, Tea Courtyard, Playing Garden, Swimming Pool, Health Garden and Field Garden. The three main roads and six courtyards form a network with easy access.

▼拆除老建筑形成新的公共院落空間

Demolish old buildings to form new public courtyard spaces

圍繞公共庭院等開放空間設(shè)置公共建筑和配套設(shè)施，如書吧、餐廳、布草間、公共衛(wèi)生間、茶室等，完善酒店功能。

Set up public buildings and supporting facilities around the public courtyard and other open spaces, such as a book bar, restaurant, cloth room, public toilets and tea room, to improve the hotel's functions.

▼水苑 ?陳顥

Shui Yuan ?  Chen Hao

▼水苑 ?陳顥

Shui Yuan ? Chen Hao

▼泳池 ?陳顥

Pool ? Chen Hao

場地內(nèi)現(xiàn)存多種樹木，是村落中民居特色的一部分，承載著公共記憶，同時也是場地空間的重要組成，設(shè)計上予以保留，結(jié)合所在院子形成獨(dú)特景觀，增加院落之間的差異性。

A variety of trees exist within the site, which are part of the residential character of the village and carry public memory, as well as being an important component of the site space, and are preserved in the design to form a unique landscape in conjunction with the courtyard in which they are located and to increase the differentiation between the courtyards.

▼院落中保留的樹木 ?陳顥

Trees preserved in the courtyard ? Chen Hao

▼院落中保留的樹木 ?陳顥

Trees preserved in the courtyard ?  Chen Hao

場地南北向高差整體有1.7m，設(shè)計上不想體現(xiàn)擋土墻等工程做法，力爭通過建筑元素的方式消化高差。道路的高差通過緩坡來解決，結(jié)合高差處理場地排水問題；院子和街道之間的高差通過門前踏步和景觀小品來解決，形成近人尺度，豐富街道空間的同時增加院落體驗上的差異性。

The site has an overall height difference of 1.7m in the north-south direction. The design does not want to reflect engineering practices such as retaining walls, but strives to absorb the height difference by means of architectural elements. The difference in height between the courtyard and the street is resolved by means of a gentle slope, which is combined with the difference in height to deal with the drainage of the site; the difference in height between the courtyard and the street is resolved by means of a step in front of the gate and a landscaping sketch, forming a proximity scale, enriching the street space while increasing the difference in the courtyard experience.

▼景觀石墻與石板路 ?陳顥

Landscape stone wall and slate path ?Chen Hao

▼景觀石墻與石板路 ?陳顥

Landscape stone wall and slate path ?  Chen Hao

05.空間形態(tài)：類型及變體

05. Spatial Morphology: Types and Variants

院落本身嘗試以較少的改動通過組織規(guī)則實現(xiàn)多樣性的聚落形態(tài)，結(jié)合自身的特點(diǎn)形成具有統(tǒng)一原型中有差異性的院落組群。

The courtyard itself attempts to achieve a diversity of settlement forms with fewer modifications through the rules of organisation, combining its own characteristics to form groups of courtyards with differences in a unified prototype.

▼院墻看向泳池 ?陳顥

The courtyard wall looking towards the pool ?  Chen Hao

新建的餐廳書吧和茶室作為民宿內(nèi)部的開放空間，建在原有院落的單元基底上，采用與原有院落相似的構(gòu)成關(guān)系，三面圍合，西側(cè)向民宿入口空間開放，新建部分采用玻璃幕墻體系，增加空間開放度的同時材料上與老房子形成對話。

The new restaurant, book bar and tea room are built as open spaces within the B&B, on the base of the original courtyard units, using a similar composition to the original courtyard, enclosed on three sides, with the western side opening up to the entrance space of the B&B. The new section uses a glass curtain wall system, increasing the openness of the space while forming a dialogue with the old house in terms of materials.

▼書吧與餐廳 ?陳顥

Book Bar and Dining Room ? Chen Hao

一號院原本是兩個院子，均為三合院，包括北側(cè)的海草房坡屋面主屋及側(cè)邊和南側(cè)的廂房，設(shè)計拆除了東側(cè)房屋的側(cè)面廂房，將入口設(shè)在這一側(cè)，靠近右側(cè)的公共空間，保留了原來庭院的圍合感，功能上將公共區(qū)設(shè)在南側(cè)廂房，北屋作為兩個臥室。

The first courtyard was originally two courtyards, both triplexes, including the main house with the sloping roof of the sea grass house on the north side and the side and south side chambers. The design removes the side chambers of the east house and locates the entrance on this side, near the public space on the right side, retaining the sense of enclosure of the original courtyard and functionally locating the public area in the south side chambers and the north house as two bedrooms.

▼一號院軸側(cè)

The side of courtyard one shaft

▼一號院 ?陳顥

Courtyard One ?  Chen Hao

四號院位于第二排最西側(cè)，設(shè)計上將原有院子前面的通路劃入庭院本身，作為入戶前的景觀通路，流線上經(jīng)過景觀通路先進(jìn)入南側(cè)的公共空間，經(jīng)由公共空間進(jìn)入內(nèi)院再到達(dá)北側(cè)的臥室。

The fourth courtyard is located on the westernmost side of the second row and is designed to incorporate the original courtyard frontage into the courtyard itself as a landscaped pathway before entering the home. The flow of the pathway is through the landscaped pathway first into the public space on the south side and through the public space into the inner courtyard before reaching the bedrooms on the north side.

▼四號院入口 ?陳顥

Entrance to Courtyard Four ?  Chen Hao

七號院為兩個院落整合而成，左側(cè)為公共建筑茶室，設(shè)計將部分院前道路擴(kuò)大，與茶室門前形成統(tǒng)一的開放區(qū)，增加空間層次，北側(cè)為兩間臥室，東側(cè)為新建的公共區(qū)。

The seventh courtyard is the result of the integration of two courtyards, with the public building, the tea room, on the left. The design widens part of the front road to form a unified open area with the front of the tea room to increase the spatial hierarchy, with two bedrooms on the north side and a new public area on the east side.

▼七號院軸側(cè)

Side of the 7 courtyard shaft

▼七號院入口 ?陳顥

Entrance to House Seven ?  Chen Hao

▼七號院 ?陳顥

The Seventh House ?  Chen Hao

十一號院位于中段，設(shè)計將原門前道路收進(jìn)院落，將道路中斷，打破原來的通長格局。通過一段淺灰色石板路入門，入門后一條路經(jīng)過踏步上至平屋面屋頂，另一條路經(jīng)過兩次轉(zhuǎn)折和踏步到達(dá)室內(nèi)，消化場地內(nèi)高差關(guān)系。通過路徑的規(guī)劃和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，延續(xù)并加深傳統(tǒng)民居的行走體驗。

The design of the eleventh courtyard, located in the middle section, interrupts the original frontage road into the courtyard, breaking up the original through-length pattern. The entrance is via a section of light grey stone path, after which one path leads up to the flat roof via a walkway, and the other path leads to the interior via two turns and a walkway, digesting the relationship of height differences within the site. The planning of the paths and the turning relationships continue and deepen the experience of walking through the traditional dwelling.

▼十一號院 ?陳顥

The Eleventh House ?  Chen Hao

部分技術(shù)圖紙

Partial Technical Drawings

▼餐廳書吧平面圖

Restaurant Book Bar Floor Plan

▼一號院平面圖

One House Floor Plan

▼二號院平面圖

The Second House Floor Plan

▼七號院平面圖

The Seventh House Floor Plan

_{項目完整信息}

_{Complete Project Information}

_{項目名稱：海草房村落的保護(hù)與再生-海草灣養(yǎng)生度假村改造設(shè)計}

_{Project Name: Protection and Regeneration of Seaweed House Village-Reconstruction Design of Seaweed Bay Health Resort} 

_{項目類型：建筑/室內(nèi)/景觀}

_{Project Type: Architecture/Interior/Landscape}

_{項目地點(diǎn)：山東威海榮成市}

_{Project Site: Rongcheng City, Weihai City, Shandong Province}

_{設(shè)計單位：灰空間建筑事務(wù)所}

_{Designed by: Greyspace Architects}

_{主持建筑師：劉漠煙、蘇鵬}

_{Principals: Moyan Liu, Peng Su}

_{主創(chuàng)建筑師：琚安琪}

_{Chief Designer: Anqi Ju}

_{設(shè)計團(tuán)隊：應(yīng)世蛟、張凱、吳文琦、高永勝}

_{Design Team: Shijiao Ying, Kai Zhang, Wenqi Wu, Yongsheng Gao} 

_{業(yè)主：榮成市經(jīng)達(dá)健康養(yǎng)生有限公司}

_{Client: Rongcheng Jingda Health and Wellness Co., Ltd.}

_{建成狀態(tài)：建成}

_{Status: Built}

_{設(shè)計時間：2018年6月-2019年3月}

_{Design Period: June 2018 - March 2019}

_{建設(shè)時間：2019年3月-2020年8月}

_{Construction Period: March 2019 - August 2020}

_{占地面積：5545.63 m2}

_{Site Area: 5545.63 m2}

_{建筑面積：1786.93 m2}

_{Floor Area：1786.93 m2}

_{結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)電：上海戊三建筑設(shè)計有限公司}

_{Structure and Electromechanics: Shanghai Wusan Architectural Design Co., Ltd.}

_{施工：榮成市安潤建設(shè)有限公司}

_{Construction: Rongcheng Anrun Construction Co., Ltd.}

_{材料：石島紅石材，鋼板，銹鋼板，生態(tài)泥，海草}

_{Materials: Peninsula Red stone, Steel plate, Rust steel plate, Ecological mud, Seaweed}

_{攝影：陳顥}

_{Photography：Hao Chen}

_{撰文：Coen} 

_{Copywriter：Coen} 

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