重慶“兩江四岸”之九龍外灘景觀設計 | MYP邁柏

背景與挑戰：立體山水城市的濱水重構

Background and Challenges：waterfront reconstruction of a mountain city

重慶是立體的山地城市，也因無數的網紅級現象被稱為5D 魔幻都市。重慶因長江而立，在水路與步行作為城市主要交通方式的年代，城市的生產與生活沿江展開。濱江是市民重要的公共活動空間，隨著城市進入工業化、城市化階段后，濱江空間逐漸被道路、碼頭及工業等所占據。然而，城市生活區與濱江空間有巨大的高差，因每年季節性的30-50 米的水位高差所形成的巨大消落帶，使得長江難以親近。通過對游客與市民的隨機訪問，大家普遍表達了對濱江的熱愛與回憶，但當前的濱江難以到達，也無法長時間停留。

Chongqing is a famous mountain city. It is also called the 5D Magic City because of the countless trend videos and reports which show the huge elevation difference of Chongqing. Chongqing is built by the Yangtze River. At the time when waterway transport and walking were the main means of urban transportation, urban life were relied on the river. Riverside area is the important public activity space for the citizens. The riverside space was gradually occupied by roads, docks and factories as the rapid urbanization of Chongqing. However, there is a huge elevation difference between the urban living area and the riverside space. Even worse, there is a water-level fluctuation zone formed by the seasonal 30-50 meters of water-level difference each year. As a result, Yangtze River became hard to approach. People have expressed their love and memories of the riverside space during interviews and surveys. But people can hardly get close to the riverside space and cannot stay for a long time.

▼重慶是立體的山地城市，濱江難以到達

As Chongqing is a mountain city, the riverside area is hard to get close

針對主城區109 公里的重慶“兩江四岸”治理提升工程的全球競賽，MYP 邁柏與TYLIN 林同炎組成聯合團隊，以“重回長江”為理念，成功中標長江北岸段。九龍外灘項目，作為“兩江四岸”十大公共空間節點之一，是目前首個建成節點，獲得了領導與市民的一致好評。

MYP and Tylin have formed a joint team to participate the competition of the 109-kilometer "Two Rivers and Four Banks" upgrading project which is in the main urban area of Chongqing. The team have successfully won the competition with the design concept of "returning to the Yangtze River" and got the chance to make detail plans for the northern section of the Yangtze River. The Kowloon Bund, as the first completed node of the ten public nodes of "two rivers and four banks", has won unanimous praise from the officials and citizens.

▼“兩江四岸“長江北段總體平面

master plan of the north section of the Yangtze River for the "two rivers and four banks"

▼九龍外灘建成鳥瞰實景

aerial view of the Jiulong Bund

打造一個基于季節性水位變化的公共空間體系

Create A Public Space System Based On Seasonal Water Level Changes

九龍外灘，是九龍坡區重要的濱江活動空間，岸線長度2.1 公里，占地46 公頃。因巨大的高差與成渝鐵路的分隔，使得居住區與濱江空間嚴重割裂。居住區與濱江直線距離雖然只有100多米，卻因30-100 米的高差，讓人們難以到達。該段長江洪水位的統計情況如下：165m（低水位），4 月至9 月，淹沒期290 天；175m（高水位），10 月至次年3 月，淹沒期111 天；185m（洪水位），6 月-9 月，淹沒期14 天；191m（20 年一遇洪水位），平常年份不會被淹沒。根據該數據，項目設計了一個基于不同高差的公共活動與生態體系，來重新建立人與自然的連接。

The Kowloon Bund is an important riverfront activity space in the Kowloon Slope District. It has 2.1 kilometers coastline and 46 hectares. However, the residential area and the riverfront space have been separated by the elevation difference and Chengdu-Chongqing railway. Although there are only 100 meters away from the residential area to the riverfront area, the 30-100 meters of elevation difference makes it difficult for people to get close to the riverfront area. 

▼基于季節性水位變化的公共空間體系

Public Space Based On Seasonal Water Level Changes

▼立體山水城市的濱水重構打造

The Reconstruction of the Riverfront Space for a mountain city

▼不同高度的觀江平臺

River Viewing Platforms At Different Elevations

向濱江打開的彈性慶典廣場

A Flexible Celebration Square face toward the Riverside

>195 米是城市公共廣場區，位于百年洪水位之上，主要任務是建立人流的便利連接與集散。首先，建立一個“橋梯驛”系統，跨過成渝鐵路，實現居住區與濱江的快速連接。其次，是針對目前大而空的硬質廣場進行整體提升，打造一個向濱江打開的慶典廣場，供市民彈性使用。主要包括五個措施：（1）保留現有的大樹，增加綠化率7%。（2）減少豎向人工設施，強調簡潔的場地。（3）保持主廣場7500 ㎡的尺度，供節慶性使用。（4）大臺階直接向長江打開，將人流快速引向濱江。（5）增加參與性、體驗性活動，吸引人群。

>195 meters is the public square of the city. It is located above the 100-year flood zone. The goal of the city square is to provide a room for people to get connected with each other and the riverfront space as well. First, to build the "bridge ladder" system which can establish the fast connection between the residential area and the riverfront space by crossing the Cheng-Chongqing railway. Second, to transform the large but empty square into a flexible celebration square which opens to the riverfront space. The whole process includes five measures :(1) Keep the existing trees and increase the green area ratio by 7%.(2) Reduce the vertical artificial facilities and keep to the site simple. (2) Remain the size of 7500 square meters for the main square to ensure that there is enough space even during festivals.(3) Manage the people flow into the riverfront area by the leading big steps which are toward the Yangtze River (4) create more experiential activities to attract people.

▼慶典廣場改造前

Celebration Square before the renovation

▼向濱江打開的彈性慶典廣場

Flexible Celebration Square Face toward the Riverside

▼節慶性使用的慶典廣場

Celebration Square For Festivals

▼活動吸引人們駐足

Activities Attract People To stay

^{? 三棱鏡}

▼趣味的互動景觀

Interesting and Interactive Landscape installation

親近長江的九大臺階與連貫“親水道” 

Nine Steps Closed to the Yangtze River & Consistent "Riverside trails"

191-195m 是極端洪水淹沒區，現狀出于對行洪安全的考慮，進行了加高加固，之前被商業街的外擺所占據。設計將沿江的5 米區域進行適當的下沉并打通，形成低于商業外擺區域2 米的公共步行區，也就是沿江全線貫通的活力道。這一舉措，一方面明確界定了商業與公共使用的界限；另一方面，改變了之前只有側向臺階連接濱江的方式，恢復重慶大臺階的傳統，形成九個特色大臺階與長江直接對話，使人們最大程度地親近長江。

191-195m is inside the flood zone. For the safety, this area has been raised and reinforced, and used as the extended space for the commercial streets. The plan proposes to create a sunken plaza by making use of the 5-meter area along the river. This sunken space becomes a public pedestrian which is 2 meters lower than the extended space for the commercial streets. It is also a fitness trail that runs through the whole line along the river. On the one hand, it defines a clear boundary between commercial space and public space; On the other hand, it recreates the traditional steps of Chongqing by changing the way of connection of the side steps. People can get close to the Yangtze River to the greatest extent because of the nine distinctive steps which are directly face toward the river.

▼濱江商業改造前

Riverside commercial area before renovation

▼明確界定的商業與公共使用界限

Well-Defined Boundaries Between the Commercial And Public Use

▼商業外擺區域

Commercial Outside Space 

▼低于商業外擺區域2米的公共步行區

Public pedestrian: 2 meters below the Commercial Outside Space 

▼沿江全線貫通的活力道

Consistent "Vibrant trails" along the river

▼恢復了重慶大臺階的傳統，使人們最大程度地親近長江

Enable people get close to the Yangtze River to the greatest extent by Recovering the traditional Steps of Chongqing

▼改變側向臺階的連接方式，恢復重慶大臺階的傳統

Restore The Traditional Steps of Chongqing by Changing the way of Connection of the side steps

▼親近長江的九個特色大臺階

Nine Steps Close To The Yangtze River

綠色與本地文化柔化防洪墻的分割

Green And Local Culture Soften the division of Flood Wall 

185-195m 是偶爾（10 天）會被洪水淹沒的區域，然而現狀高達十米的混凝土防洪墻，對江灘區與公共景觀帶，形成了一道生硬的分割。設計采用最先進的壘土技術，打造了一道低維護的綠色之墻，考慮185 米步行道的步行體驗需求，設計了長達180 米的長江萬里圖。在主入口廣場的大臺階區，以重慶市樹黃葛樹形象與綠墻共同形成一個標志性的節點，賦予了防洪墻的景觀與文化特色。

From 185m to 195m is the zone that will be inundated occasionally (for about 10 days). The current 10-metre concrete flood wall has separated the riverfront area and the public landscape area. To solve the problem, the plan adopts the latest soil laying technology to build a low-maintenance green wall. It creates a 180-meter long Yangtze River map and enrich the walking experience of the 185-meter walking path. In the big-step area of the main entrance square, the plan creates an iconic node by applying the shape of Kudzu trees (the tree of Chongqing) and the green wall, which adds the landscape and cultural characteristics for the flood wall.

▼防洪墻現改造前

Flood wall before renovation

▼采用先進的壘土技術，打造成低維護的綠色之墻

Adopt advanced soil laying technology to build a green wall with low maintenance 

▼防洪墻的景觀與文化特色

Landscape And Cultural Features Of the Flood Wall

▼重慶市樹黃葛樹形象與綠墻共同形成標志性的節點

the iconic node with the green wall and the Kudzu trees

本地耐水植物園提升濱江景觀生態

Local Botanical Gardens of water tolerant plants Enhance the Riverside Ecosystem and landscape

175-185m 是短期淹沒區（14 天），當前的野生植物長勢較好。項目提出九龍花園的理念，收集了本地耐水淹的植物，進行九個特色植物花園的打造，使該區域在不同的季節，成為游客與市民觀賞的重要場所。

From 175m to 185m is the short-term inundation zone (for about 111 days). Wild plants grow well at current. The plan puts forward the concept of Kowloon Garden. It collects local water tolerant plants and creates nine special botanical gardens. It makes the area become an important place for visitors to enjoy in different seasons.

▼短期淹沒區改造前

the short-term inundation zone Before reconstruction

▼本地耐水植物園提升濱江景觀生態

Local Botanical Gardens of water tolerant plants Enhance the Riverside Ecosystem and landscape

▼單一的草坪被豐富的植物群落所代替

The single lawn is replaced by the diverse plant communities

▼游客與市民觀賞的重要場所

Important place for tourists and citizens to enjoy

保持自然進程與進化可能的灘地

keep the original status of the beach to maintain the natural process and remain the possibility of evolution

<175 m 是經常被淹的區域，且灘地范圍較大，該區域在不同年份往往因為水量不同而形成不同的風貌。不同于早期采用的人工干預的植物策略，設計師們采取了讓自然做功的方式，保持其自然的進程，并留出自然進化的可能性。該區域在低水位期，成為了市民活動與游憩的場所。

<175 m is an area that is often flooded and most of it is beach This area tends to have various features due to the different water levels in different years. Instead of the interventions with artificial plants, this plan keeps the original status of the beach to maintain the natural process and remain the possibility of evolution. In the low-water-level stage, the area becomes a recreation and relax place. 

▼保持自然進程與進化可能的灘地

keep the original status of the beach to maintain the natural process and remain the possibility of evolution

▼灘地成為市民活動與游憩的場所

Beach becomes a place for activities and recreation  

小結：韌性濱水，重新連接人與自然

Project Summary：Resilient Waterfront Reconnects Human And Nature

韌性濱水，強調自然進程與公共生活的相互適應與進化。首先，要建立起生態、社會、空間的秩序，這是互相共存的前提；其次，是在本地語境下，滿足以人為本的公共需求；最后，是打造獨一無二的場所精神。

Resilient waterfront landscape is the mutual adaptation and evolution of natural process and public life. First of all, it is necessary to establish the order of ecology, society and space, which is the premise of coexistence. Secondly, it is essential to meet the public needs by understanding the local context. Finally, it is required to build the unique spirit of the site.

^項目信息

^{項目所在地（必填）：重慶市?九龍坡區、渝中區}

^{項目名稱（必填）：重慶“兩江四岸”之九龍外灘}

^{詳細地址：重慶市九濱路九龍灘}

^{項目規模：91.24公頃（其中九龍坡區長度2.1公里，面積46.41公頃；渝中區長度2.1公里，面積44.82公頃）}

^{設計公司：MYP邁柏/林同棪國際}

^{施工單位：中國十九冶集團有限公司}

^{照明：北京新時空科技股份有限公司}

^{垂直綠化：湖南尚佳綠色環境有限公司}

^{委托方：重慶市城鄉建設委員會、重慶市城市建設投資（集團）有限公司}

^{建成時間：2021年}

^{攝影師（或照片版權歸屬方）：三棱鏡/MYP邁柏}

^{Project location (required) : Jiulong District and Yuzhong District, Chongqing City}

^{Project name (required) : The Kowloon Bund of the “two rivers and four banks” in Chong-qing}

^{Detailed address: Jiulongtan, Jiubin Road, Chongqing}

^{Project scale: 91.24 hectares (2.1 km in length and 46.41 hectares in the Jiulongpo District; 2.1 kilometers in length and 44.82 hectares in the Yuzhong District)}

^{Design firm: MYP INC. /TYLIN international}

^{Construction company: China 19th Metallurgical Group Co., Ltd.} 

^{Lighting: Beijing New Space Technology Co., LTD}

^{Green walls: Hunan Shangjia Green Environment Co., Ltd}

^{Client: Chongqing Housing and Urban Rural Construction Commission, Chongqing City Construction Investment Corporation Co., Ltd}

^{Completed: 2021}

^{Photographer (or copyright owner) : PRISM / MYP INC.}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}