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上海嘉定微型街區景觀設計 | 非常建筑FCJZ

非常建筑 2020-11-27

原創

項目名稱：

上海嘉定微型街區景觀設計
項目地點：

上海
項目規模：

70085.7 ㎡
設計公司：

非常建筑FCJZ
委托方：

嘉定工業區/Shanghai Jiading Industrial Zone
圖片來源：

田方方/Tian Fangfang

背景

THE CONTEXT

在中國的新興城市里，典型街區的大小約為500x500平方米以上。大型街區的問題主要存在于兩方面：1、反城市——它減少了建筑/社區與城市之間的互動； 2、高碳排放——公共交通不進入街區，城市空間又不宜于步行，使城市交通以小汽車為主導。

^{The size of the typical block in new Chinese cities starts from approximately 500x500 square meters. The problem of the mega block is two-fold: 1. It is anti-urban – it weakens the interaction between buildings/communities and the city; 2. It is high-carbon – it makes an automobile-oriented city where public transportations stop outside the block and its scale does not support walking.}

^{This observation suggests that the effort to reduce carbon emission could become an attempt to increase urbanity, which in turn inspires a modest, potentially effective, design strategy: Reduce the size of the block.}

S01. 22個微型街區組成的城市肌理 Urban fabric formed by 22 Mini Blocks - 攝影田方方.jpg

^{▲ 22個微型街區組成的城市肌理 Urban fabric formed by 22 Mini Blocks - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 傍晚街燈亮起的街道 Evening view with street lights - 攝影田方方}

項目

The Project

當非常建筑有機會在上海的嘉定設計工業4.0示范基地—一個辦公園區時，我們把面臨的挑戰定義為以下幾點：典型辦公園區是郊區式的，我們如何能使其更城市化？城市空間的品質是什么？如何讓人們更多地使用和享受城市空間？

更具體的問題是：一個街區能有多小？

我們認識到：密度、比例和功能決定了一個街區的大小。由街道劃分的街區是城市肌理的一部分。

^{When Atelier FCJZ was given the opportunity to design an office park outside of Shanghai in the satellite town of Jiading, the Industry 4.0 Demonstration Base, we defined the challenge as following:The bigger questions: An office park is typically suburban, can we turn it more urban? What are the qualities of urban space? How to make the people use and enjoy them more?}

^{Furthermore, we focused on one specific question:How small can a block be?}

^{The size of a block is determined by density, scale, and program. A block is part of the urban fabric and defined by streets.}

^{▲ 從肌理推進街區和街道 Zooming in on blocks and streets - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 典型十字路口 Typical intersection - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 廣場 The square - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 步行道的十字路口 Intersection of pedestrian streets - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 項目邊緣有一條步行小徑 Edge of the project with a footpath}

^{▲ 街道生活出現了 Street life appears - 攝影田方方}

肌理

The Fabric

在我們提出的總體規劃中，通過低層數 (4層)，高密度（平均總體規劃容積率1.2 /街區容積率2）平鋪和混合功能，來提高城市的便捷性：這些建筑主要為高科技公司辦公，一層為公共/商業設施，居住部分（由于中國的功能分區法規中要求工業園內只能有租賃公寓和酒店，而不能有公寓）在頂層。

^{In the master plan we propose, urban accessibility is improved by a low-rise (4 stories) high density (average master plan FAR 1.2 / block FAR 2) carpet and mixed programs: Mainly offices for high-tech companies with public/ commercial facilities on the street level and some residential elements (rental apartments and hotels but not condominiums due to Chinese zoning regulation) on the top floor.}

^{▲ 全景鳥瞰，可看到限高為4層 Overall birdsight view showing 4-story height limit - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 邊緣街道立面 An Elevation of an edge street}

街道

The Street

這里的主要城市空間是街道，街道寬10米，由兩側建筑1層高、3米寬的騎樓（有頂步行道）界定。由于該項目位于長江以南地區，騎樓可以在漫長的雨季和夏季陽光灼熱時為行人提供方便。

^{The primary urban space here is the street, which is 10 meters wide and spatially defined by the 3-meter wide covered walkways on the ground level of the buildings on both sides. As the project is situated in the southern Yangtze River region, covered walkways protect pedestrians from long rainy season and excessive sun in the summer.}

^{▲ 步行道的十字路口 Intersection of pedestrian streets}

^{▲ 景觀步行道 Pedestrian street with landscape - 攝影田方方}

S09. 步行道兩側的騎樓 Pedestrain street with covered walkway on both sides - 攝影田方方.jpg

^{▲ 步行道兩側的騎樓 Pedestrain street with covered walkway on both sides - 攝影田方方}

S10. 沿著步行道的騎樓 Under covered walkway along a pedestrain street - 攝影田方方.jpg

^{▲ 沿著步行道的騎樓 Under covered walkway along a pedestrain street - 攝影田方方}

街區

The Block

考慮到每家公司將擁有上限為4000平方米的建筑，零售店和餐飲希望位于街角位置，便于步行及街區之間的連接性，以及創造盡可能多的建筑街道界面，我們將街區的大小設置為41.2 x 41.2米。

^{After considering the facts that each company will own the building up to 4,000 square meters, retail outlets and eateries would desire corner locations, walk-ability and connectivity between blocks, and more building-street interface in general, we set the block size at 41.2 x 41.2 meters.}

^{▲ 一個街角 A street corner - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 15號街區樓 Block-Building 15 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 8號街區樓 Block-Building 8 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 9號街區樓 Block-Building 9 - 攝影田方方}

其他重要的維度:

網格：街道中心之間相距大約為50米x 50米。

街區/建筑模數：將41.2米分解為5個8米的柱距，兩端再各有0.6米用于建筑外立面處理。41.2 x 41.2米也符合每座建筑4000平方米的容積率，該面積允許若干小公司或一家大公司占用一個街區。這是一個單棟建筑的街區。雖然所有的建筑大小相似，但每個建筑的平面和立面設計都不同，這使得此開發項目能夠滿足不同企業的空間和身份的需求，并豐富了城市空間的體驗。

Other important dimensions:

^Grid:^{Approximately 50 meters x 50 meters from street center to street center.}

^{Block/Building module:}^{41.2 meters break down to 5 x 8-meter column-to-column bays plus 0.6 meter on each end for potential architectural articulation of facade. 41.2 x 41.2 meter meets the floor area ratio of 4,000 square meters per block thus to allow a block to be occupied by a number of small firms or one large company. It is a single-building block. While all the buildings are of similar sizes, each one is designed differently in terms of floor plans and elevations, which allows the development to meet the varied space as well as identity needs of the businesses and enriches the experience in the urban spaces.}

^{▲ 12號街區樓 Block-Building 12 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 變化的立面設計 Changing facade design - 攝影田方方}

最早建成的4個街區：當我們開始第一組4個街區的建筑設計時，我們首先布置了一系列公共功能，比如會議中心和酒店，其面積需求構成一棟8層的建筑。為了忠實于我們的總體規劃，我們設計了兩組獨立的建筑：一組是四棟地面上4層的街區建筑；另一組是4層的環形建筑，“漂浮”在街區建筑之上。

這說明，微型街區有可能實現更高的密度。

非常建筑設計了22棟街區建筑。

41.2街區與典型的500米以上街區截然相反（超大街區可達到800x800米），它是一個微型街區。

^{First 4 blocks: When we started the architectural design of the first four blocks, we were asked to facilitate a number of public functions, such as a convention center and a hotel, which result in a 8-story buildings. To be true to our master plan, we designed two separate pieces of architecture: One is four 4-story block-buildings on the ground; another is 4-story continuous loop-building that “floats” on the top of the blocks.This is an indication that the mini block may work for a higher density.}

^{There are 22 block-buildings designed by FCJZ.}

^{The 41.2 block is the antithesis of the typical 500-meter and up mega block (Super mega block would go up to 800x800 meters). It's the Mini Block.}

^{▲ 2013年最早建成的4個街區 First 4 blocks were completed in 2013 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 總圖 Site plan}

總計劃的概念通過以下幾項措施得到加強：

綜合交通：

在規劃一系列步行街的同時，我們在一些次要的交通流線中引入了“共享街道”的概念，將街道生活和車輛交通結合起來，同時實現了安全性和便捷性。該設計最終沒有能夠完全實現。

騎樓系統：

在街道部分中已經提到，街道兩側的所有建筑都必須有3米寬的柱廊或懸挑，此要求在設計導則中有明確規定。

^{The master plan concept is reinforced by several other measures:}

^{Integrated circulation:}

^{While planning a series of pedestrian streets, we introduced to some of secondary circulatory routes the concept of “Shared Street” to mix street life and vehicular traffic through careful design to achieve safety and accessibility at the same time. Unfortunately, this idea was not fully realized.}

^{Covered walkway system:}

^{Already mentioned with the street, a 3-meter wide colonnade or cantilever is required on the street level for all the buildings, as specified in the design guidelines.}

^{▲ 從街區和街道推進到院落和天窗 From blocks and streets to courtyards and skylights - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 彎曲車行道 Bending vehicular street - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 車行道的一個彎道 A bend on a vehicular street - 攝影田方方}

建筑圍護結構：

二樓及以上的樓層不允許退紅線，這也是設計導則中規定的。

設計過程:

在中國，通常的控制性規劃沒有定義建筑物的具體位置和形狀，因此無法控制城市空間的質量。我們制定了介于總體規劃和建筑設計之間的一套設計導則，作為規劃實施的重要工具。因此，其他參與該項目的設計院/事務所也都必須遵循這一設計導則。

^{Building envelope:}

^{Setback is not permitted from the second floor and up, also as specified in the design guidelines.}

^{The design process:}

^{The conventional master plan for control in China does not define the specific locations and configurations of buildings and as a result it does not control the quality of urban spaces. We developed design guidelines between the stages of master plan design and architectural design as a critical tool for implementation. Therefore, other design institutes/offices participating in the project have all followed the design guidelines.}

^{▲ 沿著步行道的騎樓 Under covered walkway along a pedestrain street - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 沿著車行道的騎樓 Under covered walkway along a vehicular street - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 21號街區樓局部開放的首層 Block-Building 21 with partially open ground floor - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 13號街區樓內庭院 Courtyard of Block-Building 13 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 5號街區樓內庭院 Courtyard in Block - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 5號街區樓走廊 Passageway of Block-Building 5 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 11號街區樓內庭院 Courtyard of Block-Building 11 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 7號街區樓室內 Interior of Block-Building 7 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 14號街區樓室內 Interior of Block-Building14 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 9號街區樓室內 Interior of Block-Building 9 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 7號街區樓天窗 Skylights of Block-Building 7 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 11號街區樓立面細部 Facade detail of Block-Building 11 - 攝影田方方}

^{▲ 20號街區樓立面局部 Facade partial of Block-Building 20 - 攝影田方方}

圖紙

^{▲ 平面圖 Plan}

^{▲ 剖面圖 Section}

^{▲ 立面圖 Elevation}

項目完成后，我們相信:小就是美。

但仍有一個問題懸而未決:城市性到底是什么?

^{Upon the completion of the project, we believe:Small is beautiful.}

^{Yet one question remains unanswered:What is urbanity?}

^項目信息

^{客戶: 嘉定工業區}

^{地點: 嘉定工業園區，嘉定區，上海}

^{主持建筑師: 張永和}

^{項目團隊: Dan Chen、劉靖、劉向暉、蔡峰、董書音、林方杰、劉揚、郭慶民、吳瑕、黃舒怡、沈愉恒、趙春雷等}

^{設計合作：上海建筑設計研究院有限公司}

^{建筑面積: 70085.7 ㎡}

^{結構材料: 框架混凝土拱結構，鋼桁架結構}

^{設計周期: 2008 - 2014}

^{竣工時間: 2020}

^{攝影師：田方方/Tian Fangfang}

Project Info

Client: Shanghai Jiading Industrial Zone

Location: Jiading Industrial Park, Jiading District, Shanghai, China

Principal Architects: Yung Ho Chang

Project Team: Dan Chen, Liu Jing, Liu Xianghui, Cai Feng, Dong Shuyin, Lin Fangjie, Liu Yang, Guo Qingmin, Wu Xia, Huang Shuyi, Shen Yuheng, Zhao Chunlei etc.

Collaboration: Arcplus Institute of Shanghai Architectural Design & Research (Co., Ltd)

Building Area: 70085.7 m²

Structure and Material: Reinforced concrete arch, Steel truss

Design Period: 2008 - 2014

Completion Time: 2020

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}

上海設計街區非常建筑FCJZ