上海青浦趙巷體育公園景觀設計 | BAU建筑城市設計

景觀與都市  Landscape and urbanity

如今，公共開放空間在大都市中是一個備受爭議的話題。在澳大利亞，公園空間通常由大量的運動場地構成，自然景觀、社交休閑功能相對較少。而在中國，公園里以自然景觀居多，雖說風景如畫，可供大眾社交和運動的場地很少，氣氛不夠活躍。即便有的公園確實擁有混合功能，這些功能區通常也相對孤立，缺乏關聯性，使用者無形中被局限于某個功能區，無法享受到公園作為一個整體設計為使用者帶來的多方位體驗。

為了解決上面提到的問題，我們在概念階段提出一些新的想法。譬如如何將公園的大型建筑物與景觀融為一體？能否將不同的功能流線（運動、自然生態、社交休閑）相互交織貫穿整個公園，使每個功能不僅保持各自的連續性和緊密性，同時，人們通過交織的功能流線能輕松到達公園每一處？三種不同類型的用戶能否互不干擾地享受公園？想體驗自然生態的人們（或本地動物）在悠閑漫步的時候，能否避開運動場地、咖啡館這些熱鬧場所的干擾？對于熱愛社交、喜歡熱鬧的人，熱鬧的場所是否具有延續性？這樣他們就可以一直待在熱鬧的地方閑逛。體育愛好者能否充分利用到公園的每一處運動場地，向人們傳遞運動的活力？

_{Public open space is highly contested within the contemporary metropolis. In Australia, parks are frequently dominated by sports programs at the expense of eco-systems, and social/hospitality programs. In China parks are usually dominated by passive picturesque green landscapes, without provision for more active programs. When parks do include multiple programs, these programs are usually isolated, with users of specific programs relegated to restricted areas without a sense of the full scope of experiences the park has to offer.}

_{This project engages with a series of propositions that question this status quo. What if the large-scale buildings proposed for the site were considered landscape? What if each of the park programs (sports, ecology, hospitality) were spread throughout the park so that each could maintain intensity and continuity, but in such a way that they could reach all areas of the site? Could three distinct user groups enjoy the entire park without compromise? Could people (and native fauna) wanting to engage with nature meander the entire site without distraction of sports, cafes, and noisy playgrounds? Could a highly social person stroll continuously along the busiest places, avoiding quiet areas? Could sports fans exercise their way around the whole site, passing each and every energetic opportunity?} 

網絡概念  Networks

我們借鑒了BAU在城市設計中運用的網絡城市做法，將三種不同的功能區（運動、自然生態、社交休閑）交織分布在公園內部，形成三張清晰的功能網絡。且每張網絡都延伸到場地的四周邊緣，充分利用整個場地。我們通過調整網絡某些部位的寬度，創造不同尺度的空間，來滿足公園多樣化的功能設計。三種不同的功能網絡在不同的位置發生交匯和重疊。最終，人們可沿著每張網絡的主要漫步道或小徑體驗公園，途中也可輕松改道其他的功能路線。

源于網絡分區概念，產生了三種截然不同的、富有連續性和空間感的體驗性景觀——自然生態景觀、社交休閑景觀和運動景觀：

? 自然生態網絡包含各種被激發的功能和設施，致力于創建一個有效的、可持續的生態環境。它在利用并拓寬原有河流的基礎上，增加多層本地植物吸引昆蟲和本地鳥類。人們身處公園大小不一的網絡空間中，視線不受周邊環境的 干擾。精心布置的路徑為行人提供了通道，也為當地動物遷徙到更大的空間創造了機會。

? 社交休閑網絡包含從超市到餐廳、茶館、社區俱樂部、售貨亭、演奏臺、操場和野餐區等規模不等的項目。

? 運動網絡包含了一條有多個循環訓練站的跑道、一個帶游泳池的室內體育中心、半個足球場大小的運動場、羽毛球和籃球場地、初級旱冰跑道和一座攀爬坡。

在三張網絡的交匯處，我們探索了兩種功能景觀的共存。一個運動和社交休閑的交疊處，設計了一個混合用途運動俱樂部。一個運動和生態交疊的地方，設計了林中瑜伽平臺。

^{Learning from our own networks approach to urban design, zones for sports, ecology, and hospitality programs have been distributed across the site in three clearly articulated networks. Each network extends to all edges of the site. Each part of each net adapts in width to accommodate its many and varying programs. Each overlaps the other at various locations. And finally, each of the networks are centred on a path or promenade to provide movement through or along the net.}

^{What starts as a networked zoning strategy becomes three distinctly different and continuous formal and spatial landscape experiences: an Ecological landscape, a Hospitality landscape, and a Sports landscape:}

^{? The Eco-net contains a variety of passive programs and facilities, all focused on providing a functioning and continuous ecological environment. It embraces and extends the existing canals and it adds a multi-storied indigenous vegetation to attract insects and native birds. Views out to the surrounding city are limited, the focus being within this network of ambiguous size. A carefully arranged path provides pedestrian access that leaves the opportunity for local fauna to use the net as means of migrating to other larger open spaces.}

^{? The Hospitality-net contains programs that range in scale from the supermarket, to restaurants, tea houses, community clubs, kiosks, bandstands, playgrounds and picnic areas.}

^{? The Sports-net contains among other things a running track with frequent circuit training stations, an indoor sports center with swimming pools, a half football ground, tennis and basketball courts; junior rollerblading track, and a hill of climbing slopes.}

^{At the intersections of these nets, the coexistence of the two intersecting landscapes and programs is explored. One such intersection, where sports and hospitality overlap, results in a hybrid use, a sports clubhouse. Another, where sports and eco overlap, generates yoga platforms immersed in the trees.} 

手提箱和紙袋  The suitcase and the paper-bag

我們將大型建筑酒店和超市安置在社交休閑景觀中，測試和擴展兩種老式且相當詼諧的建筑理念：手提箱(一種極度有序的矩形建筑，拒絕根據項目的不同賦予個性化的形式)，另一種是網兜或紙袋（一種極度非正式的元素排列/布局，主張為不同的內容賦予個性化的形式）。

酒店是高度功能化的建筑。為滿足重復客房的設置、對光線和通風的需求，我們設計了延伸出去的長條形體塊，將這些體塊置于裙房之上，裙房內部設置接待處、運動俱樂部和其他公共空間。這種手提箱模式略顯普通、呆板，但在切掉一大塊空間引入光照和新鮮空氣后——就創造出一個不一樣的帶狀手提箱。

理想情況下，超市猶如一個大盒子，是一個較封閉、大而實用的公共空間,強調服務。與其試圖從這個大盒子及其附件本身擠出一些正式的概念表達，或試圖通過廣告來裝飾盒子及其附件，或干脆將大盒子拆分成宜人尺度的若干部分。BAU則選擇用一個鋼網罩如紙袋般包裹住整個大盒子，最后呈現出折疊的、與盒子造型呼應、略帶表現力又略帶欺騙性的建筑造型——像紙袋（而非網兜）。

亭子小建筑位于三張網絡中，體現不同的建筑形式、空間和功能。例如，運動網絡中的亭子呈長方形、南北朝向。休閑社交網絡中的亭子呈圓形或在直線設計上做圓形鏤空。雖然生態網絡中沒有亭子，但座椅和道路鋪裝探索了有機形式。

^{The large scale architecture projects, the hotel and the market, sit within the hospitality landscape, and test and extend two old and quite humorous architectural strategies – the suitcase (a highly ordered, rectangular building refusing to give individual form to the differences in the program) and the string-bag or paper bag (a highly informal arrangement of elements refusing to cease giving individual form to its contents).}

^{The hotel is a highly program-driven architectural brief. The repetition of the hotel rooms and their need for light and ventilation generates a series of long stretched out habitable beams that sit on a podium that contains the reception, and other communal functions and spaces. The sports club program also inhabits this podium. The form is a regular, rigid, and ordered suitcase, but with a large space cut out of it to provide light and fresh air – a filleted suitcase.}

^{Ideally, supermarkets are big, blind, pragmatic boxes with services attached wherever they are needed. Rather than trying to squeeze some formal expression from this large-scale pragmatic box and its attachments, or resort to decorating the box and attachments with advertising, or perhaps breaking down the big-box with what might be considered acceptable human scale elements, BAU wrapped the entire pragmatic lump with a steel mesh screen that disguises the pragmatics with a metaphor, a folded, responsive, slightly expressive, slightly deceptive package – (not a string-bag but) a paper-bag.}

^{Smaller pavilion buildings sit within each of the networks and respond to the forms, spaces, and programs of each of the nets. For example pavilions within the sports-net are rectangular and are oriented north south. Pavilions in the Hospitality-net are circular or have circles removed from their rectilinear forms. While there are no pavilions in the Ecological-net, seating and paving explore organic forms.}

另一種秩序  Other ideas of order 

這個公園的設計理念是對 “動態系統和復雜性科學”理解后的應用。它并不是對自然的人工復制（至少不是公園的單一理念），它不是一個包含了實用功能景觀優美的場景，也不是一系列體育和配套功能空間的組合。把三種不同特質的空間編織，條理清晰又相互融合，這個公園超越了二元對立、軸線、對稱、秩序等常規手法。它探討了辯證法作為一種操作領域，結合秩序、混沌系統、不可逆和新興文化等當代理論工具，調和當代大都市公共開放空間的沖突需求。

^{This park is driven by contemporary understandings of the actions of dynamic systems and the complexity sciences. It is not culture presenting itself as nature (at least not as the singular idea for the park). It is not a picturesque landscape compromised by the pragmatics of program. Nor is it a series of structured outdoor garden-rooms, manipulated to accommodate the sport and service facilities required. By weaving together the co-existence of three integrated but clearly articulated formal and spatial experiences, this park moves beyond the binary oppositions of the dialectic, or the ordering principles of axis, symmetry, or hierarchy. It explores the dialectic as a field of operation, and engages with other ideas of order, the chaotic, the irreducible, and the emergent - contemporary tools to reconcile the conflicting demands on public open space within the contemporary metropolis.}

項目名稱：青浦趙巷體育公園
建成時間: 2019年
項目地點: 上海市,青浦區
項目周期: 2016-2019
委托方: 上海市青浦區趙巷鎮人民政府
建設面積: 64,200平方米
建設投資: 4,492.52萬元
功能項目: 環形健身綠道、運動器械港灣、草坪足球場、籃球場、網球場、自行車越野體驗場、攀巖墻、林中瑜伽、兒童游樂場、配套服務建筑及室內活動場
設計團隊:景觀組：Steve Whitford、郭列俠、袁堯、談敏、王娟、王晨磊、師政婷、James Brearley；建筑組：羅懷利、榮昱
施工單位: 上海綠開景觀工程有限公司
合作設計院: 上海市建工設計研究總院有限公司
攝影：孫駿 A.J

^{Project name: Qingpu Zhaoxiang Sports Park
Completion time:2019
Location: Qingpu District, Shanghai
Period : 2016-2019
Client: People's Government of Zhao Xiang Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai
Construction Area: 64,200 square
Construction Cost: 44,925,200RMB
Program: Circular fitness greenway, sports equipment field, turfed football field, basketball field, tennis field, BMX field, climbing wall, forest yoga field, children's playground, supporting service building and indoor playground
BAU Project Team:
Landscape Team: Steve Whitford, Guo Liexia, Yuan Yao, Tan Min, Wang Juan, Wang Chenlei, Shi Zhengting, James Brearley
Architecture Team: Luo Huaili, Rong Yu
Contractor: Shanghai Green Open Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd.
Engineer: Shanghai Construction Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Photographer：Sun Jun A.J}

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