萬隆高架橋下電影公園景觀設計 l SHAU

Taman Film是2013年我們在萬隆的第一個公共空間項目。當時的新任市長里德萬·卡米爾（Ridwan Kamil）計劃改造Jalan Pasupati和Pasupati橋下空間，并將這些改造的小型公共空間連接起來，Taman Film（電影公園）就是這線形公共空間的一部分。這個橋下空間曾垃圾堆積如山，充斥著惡臭味，沒人敢靠近，是一個被遺棄的空間，甚至一度被認為是鬼魂出沒的地方。里德萬·卡米爾計劃首先清理垃圾并建造以彩色單座混凝土方塊體為主的孤獨之心公園（Taman Jomblo）系列公共空間。其次建造一個滑板公園，有為滑板愛好者提供的跑酷空間，同時也有為兒童和初學者提供的開放課程。然后是建造Taman Film公園和迷你足球場，最后在毗鄰河流的城中村建設一個綠色公園。

^{Taman Film is our first public space project in Bandung in 2013. Ridwan Kamil – back then newly elected mayor– started to plan Taman Film (Film Park) as one part of a linear chain of smaller, connected public spaces underneath Jalan Pasupati and the Pasupati bridge. This place was seen as not only negative but also dark, scary and it was even believed to be haunted.  Garbage was piling up, nobody dared to visit the area. Ridwan Kamil’s strategy was to clean up and implement a series of public spaces: Taman Jomblo (lonely hearts park) - an installation of colorful, single-seater concrete cubes. This is followed by a skate park with several parcours used by the skater community and with open courses for children and beginners. Next is the Taman Film, and after that a sports field to play mini soccer (futsal), finally ending in a green park of a local kampung (urban village) adjacent to the river.}

^{? SHAU}

Taman Film旨在滿足在萬隆居住的電影群體的需求。在Taman Film建設之前，他們既沒有能放電影的設備,也很難找到一個可以坐著看電影的公共空間。2014年，市長委任SHAU對橋下空間進行設計改造，并與承包商、潛在用戶和當地政府就項目進行溝通，以確保建成后的項目能夠滿足當地居民需求和未來區域發展。

^{Taman Film was intended to accommodate the film community, which has a strong presence in Bandung. Before Taman Film, they had no facility to screen movies and it was hard to find a public space with seating area. The mayor appointed SHAU in 2014 to design it. Project communication with the contractor, potential users and local government ensured that the design would fit local needs & possibilities.}

? SHAU

Taman Film公園能容納大量的觀眾，而且平時可用作交流和活動空間。場地地形向河流方向自然下降，內外半徑不一的曲線臺階，提供不同大小的用于交流的私密“空間”。最終呈現既有趣又有高度靈活性的座位空間，人們三五結群利用臺階式座椅空間。臺階的曲線幾何形狀加上被不同綠色的人造草地覆蓋，所以整個空間呈現出“蓬松感”,給人一種想要觸摸和擁抱的沖動。天橋充當了整個區域的屋頂作用，令人免受雨水的侵擾，而這又促使人們脫下鞋子，將Taman Film視為一個室內而非室外空間。即使不放映電影，附近城中村的居民依然喜歡來這里聚會聊天。

^{Taman Film is designed in such a way that it does not only accommodate movie screening for a large audience, but also to function as a seating and activity landscape while nobody is watching. The existing topography naturally descends towards the river. Curvilinear steps with different inner and outer radii were proposed. The intention was to give people pockets of different sizes to form “rooms” for groups to be able to chat with each other or occupy an enclave to have a more excluded, individual experience. The final result is a playful, spontaneous and highly flexible seating arrangement, with each curved element to allow grouping for 2, 3, 5, 7 and more people. The park is fully covered with different shades of green of artificial grass and due to curvilinear geometry of the steps. The ‘fluffiness’ of this public space gives a ‘Kuschelecke’ (German word for a hugging corner) quality. That and the fact that the whole area is rain protected due to the overpass acting as roof, makes people take off their shoes and treat Taman Film more as an indoor rather than an outdoor environment. Residents in nearby urban villages use it often anytime of the day, with or without movie screening.}

? Anton Cahyadi

平面圖 ? SHAU

^{立面圖 ? SHAU}

座位示意圖 ? SHAU

居民們將這兒視為他們的“城市客廳”，社區里的孩子們放學后會來這里玩耍，也有在這里邁出人生第一步的嬰兒。久而久之，這個公園給居民帶來了不可言喻的“歸屬感”。這里每周都會舉辦不同規模的聚會，從每周的arisan活動（一種印尼婦女間的社交聚會，涉及集體募捐和幸運抽獎）到各種各樣、不同類型的社團活動，如當地的跆拳道俱樂部也會在公園進行訓練。周末會有小販坐在底層臺階上售賣孩子們喜歡的 “氣球劍”，也有家庭在此野餐聚會。最壯觀的聚會，當屬當地足球俱樂部“Persib Bandung”贏得2015年總統杯的那個夜晚，Taman Film公園擠滿了成千上萬的支持者為他們慶祝。

^{What is fascinating is that the sense of belonging built up naturally among residents. Perhaps they have claimed it as their ‘urban living room’, where neighbourhood kids play after school and babies took their first steps. Every week there are various gatherings, large and small, from mothers doing weekly arisan –an Indonesian social gathering between women involving collective fundraising and a lucky draw every month – to all sorts of hobby communities. We also spotted local Taekwondo clubs doing their training there. In the weekend there are vendors sitting at the bottom stairs of the Taman Film selling long ‘balloon swords’ for kids to play with, while families are having picnics.  The most spectacular use of the Taman Film however was when ‘Persib Bandung’, the local football club was playing and winning the Presidential Cup in 2015. That very evening, Taman Film was filled to the brim with thousands of spectators supporting their team and participating in the public viewing event.}

? SHAU

Taman Film公園對外開放已有7年，但與萬隆的其他公園相比，相對整潔干凈。居民之間也形成了一種默認的規定，即在進入此空間前要先脫鞋，就像進入一處鋪有地毯的客廳或步入小清真寺。使用者亦不能將垃圾留在那里。最令我們感動的是，居民們似乎制定了清潔時間表，這種行為在萬隆其他公共場所是很難見到的。

^{As the designers of the park, we were taken by surprise that in comparison to other parks in Bandung, seven years after it was opened, it is still relatively clean and maintained. There is an unwritten agreement between residents to take shoes off before entering the space, like when someone would enter a carpeted living room or a musholla (a small mosque). Users don’t leave their garbage there. The residents seem to have their own cleaning schedule, which is heart warming, knowing that this kind of gesture is not seen in other public spaces in Bandung.}

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