馬德里新冠應急醫院景觀設計 | Cjcpaisaje

▼馬德里應急醫院景觀

Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid ? Cjcpaisaje  

為了達到快速實施、隔離與保護的目標，馬德里應急醫院的微型公園以活體微生物的簡易集成為參照，創建了一套基于預制構建技術的自然系統?；颊摺⒃L客或醫護人員可以在這些由樹木與草灌圍合而成的私密區域中會面，亦或是漫步于這些大型綠島周圍。

The micro-parklands of the Emergency Hospital in Madrid create a natural system of prefabricated elements following the aim of rapid implementation, isolation, and protection taking as reference the simple integrated system of living microorganisms. These enclosures provide circular areas where patients, visitors or healthcare professionals can meet in secret places surrounded by trees and shrubs or they can walk around large green islands.

▼樹木和草灌圍合而成的綠島

large green islands surrounded by trees and shrubs ? Cjcpaisaje  

項目位于馬德里Hortaleza 區Medicina Legal大樓的北側，占地面積7434 平米，約為總地塊面積的十分之一。它位于“司法之城”園區法醫大樓的北側，在新冠疫情期間，這里僅用100 天建成了一座應急公立醫院。地塊呈四邊形，高差有4.5米。

由于氣候條件干燥，植物多選用耐旱品種，還需兼顧減少過敏或引發呼吸道疾病的風險。重塑后的的地形可保存雨水，并將其引至那些用作“海綿”的綠地，以減少徑流、存儲雨水、清理沉積物和污染物，并將其融入到周邊的生態系統之中。

The landscape architecture project has a surface of 7,434 sqm and occupies a plot of 69,781 sqm located in the Hortaleza district of Madrid. This plot, belonging to the previous City of Justice project on the north side of the Medicina Legal building, is destinated to a public hospital constructed in 100 days during the Covid-19 pandemic. The plot is trapezoidal and has a drop of 4.5 meters. 

Due to dry climatic conditions, adapted species with low water demand have been selected reducing the risk of allergies or respiratory problems. The topography has been modified to conserve rainwater and direct it to green areas that act as sponges that reduce runoff, store water, remove sediment and pollutants and release it into other ecosystems.  

▼植物的選種需適應當地氣候條件，且減少過敏或引發呼吸道疾病的風險 

Plants selection adapting to the local climatic conditions and reducing the risk of allergies or respiratory problems  ? Cjcpaisaje

▼景觀干預受啟發于微生物的構造

The landscape architecture intervention are extracted from microorganisms elements ? Cjcpaisaje

景觀干預中所考慮的基本要素，受到微生物在調節氣候變化中所起的重要作用啟發，具體如下：

The essential elements considered in defining the landscape architecture intervention are extracted from the crucial role of microorganisms in the regulation of climate change and they are as follows:

▼景觀干預時考慮的基本要素

Essential elements considered in defining the landscape architecture ? Cjcpaisaje

保護系統_細胞壁。綠帶與醫院綜合體的三座建筑相平行，緊挨著那由成排的樹木、芳香的矮灌和繽紛的地被所組成的景觀系統，構成了醫院周邊高度敏感的自然環境。與整潔的道路相平行的內街置入有三個廊架，延續了醫院走廊的直線特征。與主干道平行的綠帶則參考了諾特山脈的植物配置，以滿足分隔和保護的需求。

Protection system_Cell Wall. The green bands parallel to the three buildings of the hospital complex close to the landscape intervention where the presence of rows of trees, aromatic shrubs, and colorful groundcovers make up a highly sensitive natural environment close to the Hospital. The scheme of clean roads parallel to the street that joins the three pavilions follows the straight lines that characterize the hospital corridors. The parallel green bands to the main road meet the objective of border and protection taking as reference the planting palette of the Sierra Norte Layer.

▼保護系統_細胞壁

Protection system_Cell Wall ? Cjcpaisaje

匯集點, 細胞核DNA。周圍環繞著不會引發呼吸道問題或過敏的果樹、芳香灌木和地被。以家庭為單位的到訪者可以被帶到這些戶外候診室，未來還將放置長凳、椅子、桌子于其中。軟景借鑒了南部草原的植物搭配。這些微空間能供所有年齡段的人玩耍、遠程辦公以及休息。

Meeting point_Nucleus DNA. Surrounded by fruit trees, aromatic shrubs, and groundcovers that do not cause respiratory problems or allergies, family units can be brought together into these outdoor waiting rooms that will house benches, chairs, and support tables in the future. The soft landscape takes as reference the planting palette of the Estepa Sur Layer. These micro-spaces are opened to multiple uses of all ages for playing, teleworking, and resting.

▼匯集點, 細胞核

DNA  Meeting point_Nucleus DNA ? Cjcpaisaje

循環系統_液泡。由橢圓和縱向的綠色葉片所構成的設計語言，塑造出了空間的圍合感，同時又保持了與公園內的通暢視野。這些“括號”型的綠地圍合出了核心區域，并連接著安全通道。新冠患者的康復過程有時會伴隨有副作用，例如由血流量增大導致腿部靜脈的血栓形成。醫生建議在康復期間進行日常鍛煉和長時間散步。另外，這些綠色區域參考了Vega Campi?a Layer的植物配置。

Circulation system _Vacuoles. The landscape design made of elliptical and longitudinal green areas leaves controlled enclosures between them and opened views over parks around. These "parentheses" enclose the core areas and lead to safe walkways. The recovery of Covid-19 patients can leave side effects such as the formation of thrombosis in the leg veins by increasing blood flow. Doctors recommend daily exercise and long walks during recovery. These green areas take as reference the planting palette of the Vega Campi?a Layer.

▼循環系統_液泡

Circulation system _Vacuoles ? Cjcpaisaje

滲透基質_細胞質。壓實的紅土充當一種粒狀流體?？蓾B透的路面是采用石灰石、碾碎的紅色花崗巖、石英、長石、云母等材料鋪成，并根據地形的輪廓壓實。在先前未完成的“City of Justice”項目基礎上，部分景觀措施被要求在地下結構層中增設額外的鋪層，如防水、防潮、排水和其它綠色屋頂常用的基層。為了保證排放物的密實性，場地還必須進行清理作業，清除碎屑和未壓實的土壤。

Porous base materials_ Cytoplasm. Compacted red soil acts as a granular fluid. The pavements are porous using materials such as limestone, crushed red granite, quartz, feldspar, mica, and they are compacted following the contours of the terrain. On the underground galleries belonging to the previous unfinished City of Justice project, a part of the landscape intervention has required additional layers such as waterproofing, vapor barriers, drainage, and other elements typical of green roofs. To guarantee the compactness of the discharges, it has been necessary to carry out cleaning operations to remove the disintegrated and non-compacted soils.

▼滲透基質_細胞質

Porous base materials_ Cytoplasm ? Cjcpaisaje

這個項目是為了輔助醫院的康復計劃，為候診區增設室外部分。它作為醫院運作的一部分，來療愈新冠病人和緩解疫情所帶來的壓力和情感創傷。耐候鋼輪廓線劃定了室外的聚集空間，同時也能用作那些接受治療或接種疫苗后，需要被隔離開的等待區。此外，集中的綠色區域有助于保持與周圍公園的連續性，如Valdebebas和Juan Carlos 公園。

The aim of the landscape architecture project is to support the hospital in the outdoor areas as part of the recovery program and waiting areas. It is intended to be a part of the machine to heal and to provide relief from the stress and emotional trauma of the Covid-19 hospital environment. Corten steel contours delimit spaces such as outdoor meeting rooms and can serve to enclose isolated enclosures for post-treatment or waiting areas for the vaccination process. Additionally, the concentration of green areas helps to give continuity with the surrounding parks such as Valdebebas Park and Juan Carlos I Park.

▼戶外作為恢復計劃和等候區的一部分

Outdoor areas supports as part of the recovery program and waiting areas ? Cjcpaisaje

微生物在制氧、降解有機物、供養植物、維持人體健康等方面都是有益的，當然也有一些微生物會在植物和人體內引發疾病。雖然病毒被歸類為微生物，但不被認為是生命體。它們不能在宿主細胞外繁殖，也不能自行代謝。除了病毒，其他能維持早期有機生命體的系統也為這些室外的設計和布局提供了靈感，以幫助對抗潛在的傳染病。

由于馬德里應急醫院啟動的緊迫性、經濟約束以及超額預算的費用，部分景觀項目尚未建造，有些則進行了必要的調整和削減。

Microorganisms are beneficial in producing oxygen, decomposing organic material, providing nutrients for plants, and maintaining human health, but some can be pathogenic and cause disease in plants and humans. Although viruses are classified as microorganisms, they are not considered living organisms. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell and cannot metabolize on their own. Beyond viruses, it is the other vital system of primitive organisms that has guided the design and distribution of these external areas that acts against possible infections.

Due to the urgency in the inauguration, the economic restrictions, and the extra cost of the Madrid Emergency Hospital with respect to the initial budget, some parts of the landscape architecture project have not yet been built and others have had to be modified and reduced.

▼設計模型與施工前的場地

Design scenario and the site before construction ? Cjcpaisaje

▼第一階段的景觀平面圖

Plan of Phase i ? Cjcpaisaje

▼第一階段的細部平面圖

Detailed Plan of Phase i ? Cjcpaisaje

▼第一階段的拓展屋頂綠化細部平面圖

Detailed Plan of Phase with Extensive Greenroof i ? Cjcpaisaje

▼第二階段景觀平面圖

Plan of Phase ii ? Cjcpaisaje

▼景觀方案總體意圖 

Diagram of landscape intervention ? Cjcpaisaje

_項目信息 

_{項目名稱：Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid 馬德里應急醫院景觀}

_{項目地點：Madrid, Spain馬德里，西班牙}

_{項目規模：7434m2}

_{景觀設計師 & 公司：Cristina Jorge_Cjcpaisaje}

_{建筑設計：Chile15 arquitectos}

_{委托方：Servicio de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid  馬德里社會衛生部}

_{設計時間：2020}

_{建成時間：2020}

_{圖片來源：Cjcpaisaje}

_{所獲獎項：Dezeen Awards 2021}

_{Project: Emergency Hospital Landscape in Madrid}

_{Location: Madrid, Spain}

_{Surface: 7.434 m2}

_{Designer & Landscape architecture office: Cristina Jorge_Cjcpaisaje}

_{Architecture: Chile15 arquitectos}

_{Commissioned by: Servicio de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid}

_{Design: 2020}

_{Realisation: 2020}

_{Photography: Cjcpaisaje}

_{Awards: Dezeen Awards 2021}

_{編譯：許恒源}

_{校對：申瑞琪}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}