▼濕地東向鳥瞰
A bird 's-eye view of the wetlands from the east ? 王昱，沛林生態
▼濕地西向鳥瞰
A bird 's-eye view of the wetlands from the west ? 王昱
▼下坪段濕地西側鳥瞰
A bird 's-eye view of the west side of xiaping wetland ? 王昱
前言
Foreword
河流與城市，往往是共生共榮的關系。
很多城市都有一條“母親河”，承擔著城市居民飲用水源、農業灌溉以及工業發展的需求。長期以來，河流哺育了城市，但城市并未反哺河流。相反，城市的發展擴張，往往會帶來污染，河道被侵占和生態資源的衰退，造成水土流失、雨洪災害和水資源危機等問題頻發。
近年來，隨著環保理念深入人心，城市與河流的矛盾逐步得到緩解。決策者也越發重視對河流的保護，將原本屬于河流的空間退讓出來，還與自然，還與市民。本項目便是一個典型的案例。
Rivers and cities are often in a symbiotic relationship.
Many cities have a "mother river" that bears the needs of urban residents for drinking water, agricultural irrigation and industrial development. For a long time, rivers have fed cities, but cities have not fed rivers back. On the contrary, the development and expansion of cities often brings pollution, encroachment of river channels and decline of ecological resources, resulting in frequent occurrence of problems such as soil erosion, rain and flood disasters and water resource crises.
In recent years, with the popularization of the concept of environmental protection, the contradiction between the city and the river has been gradually eased. Policy makers are also paying more and more attention to the protection of rivers, relinquishing the space that originally belonged to the river, and returning it to nature and citizens. This project is a typical case.
項目概況
Project Overview
基地位于宜昌市夷陵區黃柏河沿線，分為兩段，分別位于下坪村和蔡家河村附近河灘，總面積約154公頃，其中水域面積約35公頃。其緊鄰的南蔡下片區是未來宜昌城市向北拓展的核心，城市與河流關系密切。
黃柏河是長江一級支流，河流全長162km，下游段流經宜昌市區，承擔著為宜昌城區及宜東地區200萬人口和100萬畝農田供水的重任，供水區域內經濟總量約占全市的80%，被譽為宜昌的“母親河”。黃柏河河道平均坡度3.76 ‰，兩岸山勢陡峭，屬于典型的山溪型河流。與平原型河流不同，前者季節性特征明顯，汛期短時間內可匯集大量地表徑流，且流速大，挾沙能力和沖刷能力很強；而在旱季，則水量驟減，部分河床裸露。
項目區域是黃柏河流經宜昌市區范圍僅有的兩段河流漫灘濕地，河道在此陡然變寬，承擔著調蓄雨洪、為生物提供棲息地等重要作用。濕地現狀保留著較為原始的自然基底，存在大面積的灘涂、池塘，部分區域有成片自然林木長勢較好，但因歷史原因，場地內遺留了大量的采石挖沙遺跡，坑塘密布，土石裸露，自然植被遭到破壞，且存在大量工棚、廢棄廠房、菜地等人工設施，對自然風貌和生態價值帶來很大負面影響。
The project is located along the Huangbai River in Yiling District, Yichang City. It is divided into two sections, located in Xiaping Village and Caijiahe Village, with a total area of about 154 hectares, of which the water area is about 35 hectares. The adjacent Nancaixia area is the core of the future northward expansion of Yichang city, and the city is closely related to the river.
The Huangbai River is a first-class tributary of the Yangtze River, with a total length of 162km. The downstream section flows through the urban area of Yichang. It undertakes the important task of supplying water to 2 million people and 1 million mu of farmland in the urban area of Yichang and Yidong. The total economic volume in the water supply area accounts for about 80% of the city is known as the "Mother River" of Yichang. The average slope of the Huangbai River is 3.76 ‰, and the mountains on both sides are steep, which is a typical mountain stream type river. Different from plain rivers, the former has obvious seasonal characteristics. In the flood season, a large amount of surface runoff can be collected in a short period of time, and the flow rate is large, and the sand carrying capacity and scouring capacity are strong; in the dry season, the water volume decreases sharply, and part of the riverbed is exposed.
The project area is the only two floodplain wetlands of the Huangbai River passing through the urban area of Yichang, where the river suddenly widens and plays an important role in regulating stormwater and providing habitats for living things. The status quo of the wetland retains a relatively primitive natural base, with large areas of tidal flats and ponds, and some natural forests grow well in some areas. The soil and rocks are exposed, the natural vegetation is destroyed, and there are a large number of artificial facilities such as sheds, abandoned factories, vegetable fields, etc., which have a great negative impact on the natural style and ecological value.
▼場地現狀遍布采石挖沙痕跡和農田菜地，極易造成水土流失和面源污染
The status quo of the site is full of traces of quarrying and sand excavation，farmland and vegetation fields，easy to cause soil erosion and non-point source pollution. ? 張騫
設計策略——生態優先，最小干預
Design Strategy - Ecology First, Minimal Intervention
項目從本質上是一個生態修復工程，其首要目的是保護并修復黃柏河流經宜昌市區范圍內的河灘濕地，使其更好的發揮生態功能。因此在設計之初，即明確了將生態修復放在第一位，“公園”屬性放在第二位的原則。即減少對濕地的人為破壞干擾，恢復植被，營造適宜各類濕地生物特別是鳥類的生境，使其能夠在此生息繁衍。其次才是人的需求，即在此基礎上增加公園設施，滿足市民活動需要。
最小干預策略，對自然而言，是指盡量不干擾濕地原生區域風貌，如濕地內現狀原生喬木盡可能保留，如與設計產生沖突優先調整設計等。對人而言，是指應劃定人為活動的邊界，同時修復已遭破壞的濕地風貌。
The project is essentially an ecological restoration project, and its primary purpose is to protect and restore the floodplain wetlands of the Huangbai River flowing through the urban area of Yichang, so that it can better play its ecological function. Therefore, at the beginning of the design, the principle of putting ecological restoration first and "park" attributes second. That is to reduce the human damage and disturbance to the wetland, restore the vegetation, and create a suitable habitat for all kinds of wetland organisms, especially birds, so that they can live and reproduce here. The second is the needs of people, that is, to increase park facilities on this basis to meet the needs of public activities.
The minimal intervention strategy, for nature, refers to not disturbing the original area of the wetland as much as possible, such as retaining the existing native trees in the wetland as much as possible, and prioritizing the design if there is a conflict with the design. For people, it means that the boundaries of human activities should be demarcated, and the damaged wetlands should be restored.
▼總平面圖
Overall plan of the project ? 杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
總體設計——基于雨洪分析基礎上的分級、梳理與建構
Master plan - classification, sorting and construction based on stormwater analysis
雨洪分析——總體設計的先決條件
Stormwater analysis - a prerequisite for master plan
黃柏河屬山溪型河流，汛期和旱季水位落差巨大，且設計范圍均位于水利部門所劃定的河道內，汛期時集水速度快，流量大且流速快，破壞力很強。因此雨洪因素是設計需首先考慮的問題，需充分了解哪些區域是汛期可能會淹沒的，哪些是較為安全的，從而為總體設計及景觀設施的布置提供依據。依據水利部門所測得的各監測點水文資料，綜合現狀測繪地形圖的標高數據，可以劃出5年一遇、10年一遇、20年一遇和50年一遇的洪水位淹沒范圍。設計標高雖較現狀地形有所調整，但總體影響不大，后續各項分析布局均建立在此基礎上。
Huangbai River is a mountain stream type river with huge water level difference between flood season and dry season, and the design range is located in the river channel delineated by the water conservancy department. Therefore, the rain and flood factor is the first consideration in the design. It is necessary to fully understand which areas may be submerged during the flood season and which are relatively safe, so as to provide a basis for the overall design and the layout of landscape facilities. According to the hydrological data of each monitoring point measured by the water conservancy department, and the elevation data of the current surveying and mapping topographic map, the flood level inundation range of once in 5 years, once in 10 years, once in 20 years and once in 50 years can be delineated. Although the design elevation has been adjusted compared with the current topography, the overall impact is not large, and the subsequent analysis and layout are based on this basis.
▼主河道水流較湍急，特別汛期時易沖刷裸露土壤，造成水土流失
The water flow in the main river channel is relatively fast, which is easy to scour the exposed soil during the flood season, resulting in water and soil loss. ? 張騫
▼洪水位淹沒范圍綜合分析-蔡家河段濕地
Comprehensive analysis of inundation range of flood level - wetland in Caijiahe section ? 杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
▼蔡家河段濕地常水位與洪水位對比-等級約5年一遇，已將絕大部分河灘淹沒，僅西岸部分高地露出水面
Comparison between the normal water level and flood level of the wetland in Caijiahe section - the level appears about once in five years, which has submerged most of the river beaches, and only some highlands in the west bank are exposed to the water ? 杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
▼洪水位淹沒范圍綜合分析-下坪段濕地
Comprehensive analysis of inundation range of flood level - wetland in Xiaping section ? 杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
▼下坪段濕地常水位與洪水位對比-等級約5年一遇，主河道區域已大部分淹沒，北側河灘也部分淹沒
Comparison between the normal water level and flood level of the wetland in Xiaping section - the level appears about once in five years, which has submerged most of the main river channel area, and the north bank has also been partially submerged ? 杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
劃定保護分級——規避過度干預
Delineation of protection levels - avoiding excessive intervention
濕地按保護程度和人工干預強度可劃分為三個級別保護區，其中：
一級保護區覆蓋黃柏河主河道，完整保留現狀風貌不做干預，游客不能進入。
二級保護區內主要以疏通水系，修復植被為主，除設置部分高架棧橋外不設地面道路和活動場地，人為干預較少。
三級保護區位于最外圍，是濕地公園的主要活動區。在此區域內通過自然的手法梳理地形，營造綠地，設置園路和活動場地等，并布置有少量服務建筑，總體開發強度較低。
The wetland can be divided into three levels of protected areas according to the degree of protection and the intensity of human intervention, of which:
The first-class protected area covers the main channel of Huangbai River, and the existing features are completely preserved without intervention, and tourists are not allowed to enter.
The secondary protection zone mainly focuses on dredging the water system and restoring vegetation. Except for some elevated trestle bridges, there are no ground roads and activity venues, and there is less human intervention.
The third-level protected area is located at the outermost periphery and is the main activity area of the wetland park. In this area, natural methods are used to sort out the terrain, create green space, set up garden roads and activity venues, etc., and arrange a small number of service buildings, and the overall development intensity is low.
設施布局——營造舒適安全的活動空間
Facility layout - create a comfortable and safe activity space
因水利部門要求，項目范圍內不能出現影響行洪的設施。設計在前述雨洪分析的基礎上，結合洪評要求，確定可建設范圍、設施和高程控制范圍。首先設置了連續的高架棧道系統，面層標高控制在在20年一遇洪水位以上，其上供游客穿行，其下不影響行洪。棧道或在林中穿梭，或架于濕地水面，給予游人豐富的游賞和觀景體驗。在地面設置各級慢行步道、串聯主要游賞區域，與上層高架棧道形成了立體交叉網絡。同時結合服務建筑、觀鳥屋、生態停車場、親水平臺等設施，其中建筑首層標高控制在50年一遇洪水位以上，主園路絕大多數在10年一遇洪水位以上，其余小徑、親水平臺等均為可淹沒設施，可適當親水。整體設計在充分尊重現狀風貌的基礎上力求打造一處集濕地保護、觀景、科普、休閑游憩于一體的生態濕地公園。
Due to the requirements of the water conservancy department, there should be no facilities that affect flood discharge within the project scope. The design is based on the aforementioned rainwater analysis and combined with the flood assessment requirements to determine the construction scope, facilities and elevation control scope. First of all, a continuous elevated plank road system is set up, and the elevation of the surface layer is controlled above the flood level once in 20 years. The upper part is for tourists to walk through, and the lower part does not affect the flood flow. The plank road can travel through the forest, or stand on the wetland water surface, giving visitors a rich experience of sightseeing and viewing. All levels of slow walking trails are set up on the ground, connecting the main tourist areas in series, and forming a three-dimensional cross network with the upper elevated plank road. At the same time, combined with service buildings, bird watching houses, ecological parking lots, hydrophilic platforms and other facilities, the elevation of the first floor of the building is controlled above the 50-year flood level, and most of the main garden roads are above the 10-year flood level. Trails, hydrophilic platforms, etc. are all submersible facilities, which can be properly hydrophilic. The overall design strives to create an ecological wetland park that integrates wetland protection, viewing, popular science, and leisure on the basis of fully respecting the current situation.
▼高架棧橋于林間穿梭，與地面道路立體交叉
The plank road system can travel through the forest and form a three-dimensional cross network. ? 王昱
▼高架棧橋穿梭于林間，汛期時不致淹沒
The plank roads shuttles through the forest, which will not be submerged in flood season. ? 張騫
▼棧道在林間穿梭
The plank roads travels through the forest. ? 張騫
▼標高較低的園路保證了親水效果，汛期可淹沒
The walking trails with low elevation ensures the hydrophilic effect and can be submerged in flood season. ? 張騫
▼棧橋面層高于20年一遇洪水位
The elevation of the surface layer is controlled above the flood level once in 20 years. ? 張騫
▼林間的嵌草石板路
The grass inlaid slate road in the forest? 張騫
▼濕地步行橋
The wetland footbridge ? 張騫
梳理水系——溝通互連，營造韌性景觀
Sorting out the water system - communication and interconnection, creating a resilient landscape
基地現狀主河道周邊自然基底較好，未經人為干擾破壞，存在自然形成的淺灘沙洲和植被，可見水鳥棲息，設計對此予以完整保留，設為生態保育區。對主河道外側挖沙遺留的坑塘等進行疏浚、溝通串聯，使各坑塘水系和主河道之間能夠互相連通，同時恢復濕地植被，使其變身為一系列的雨水花園，暴雨時可承接周邊匯水，一定程度上減緩向主河道排放，在上游來洪時也可消減流量，增加汛期雨洪調蓄能力。原有坑塘駁岸較陡，設計在一定程度上改造岸線和水深，使水體形態更為自然，同時在保證近岸安全水深要求。
The natural base around the main river channel of the base is relatively good, and it has not been damaged by human interference. There are naturally formed shoal sandbars and vegetation, and waterbirds can be seen inhabiting. This is completely preserved and designated as an ecological conservation area. The pits and ponds left by sand excavation outside the main channel are dredged, communicated and connected in series, so that the water systems of the pits and the main river can be connected with each other, and the wetland vegetation is restored to transform it into a series of rain gardens, which can be used in heavy rains. Undertake the surrounding catchment, slow down the discharge to the main river to a certain extent, and also reduce the flow when the upstream floods, and increase the rainwater storage capacity during the flood season. The original pit and pond revetment is relatively steep, and the design changes the shoreline and water depth to a certain extent, so that the water body shape is more natural, and at the same time, it ensures the safe water depth requirements near the shore.
▼河灘中央樹叢遠離游客活動區，有鳥類做窩棲息
The vegetation in the middle of the shoal sandbars is far away from the tourist activity space, and there are waterbirds nesting. ? 張騫
▼將挖沙遺留坑塘溝通串聯，生態修復后形成海綿體系
Connecting the pits and ponds left by sand excavation in series, and forming a sponge system after ecological restoration ? 王昱
▼挖沙遺留坑塘修復后變身為濕地的一處秘境
The pits and ponds left by sand excavation turn into a secret environment after repair. ? 張騫
▼原有挖沙遺留坑塘經過生態修復變身為濕地中最具生物多樣性潛力的場所
The pits and ponds left by sand excavation turn to be wetlands with the greatest potential for biodiversity after repair. ? 張騫
▼利用現狀凹地，形成多處小型雨水花園，承接周邊匯水
The application of current concave land forms a number of small rainwater gardens to undertake the surrounding water catchment. ? 張騫
植物配置——原生植被的力量
Plant Design - The Power of Native Vegetation
基地現狀存在大量原生植被，其中不乏長勢良好的高大喬木，是維護生物多樣性和景觀營造的中堅。設計要求盡可能的保留現狀喬木，特別是達到一定高度和冠幅的喬木做到100%保留。因場地范圍較大，測繪圖中現狀植物信息也不夠準確，設計圖紙無法精確的避讓所有原生喬木。因此在施工交底以及施工過程中，關于此問題各方進行及時有效的溝通尤為重要，現狀喬木存在與設計園路、棧道等走線沖突時優先調整設計，從而最終成功使現狀所有胸徑10cm以上喬木得到完整保留，另外根據宜昌當地氣候特征和濕地類項目特點，選取了多種鄉土植物和適生濕地植被，提高區域生物多樣性。
There are a lot of native vegetation in the current situation of the base, among which there are many tall trees with good growth, which are the backbone of maintaining biodiversity and creating landscape. The design requires that the existing trees be preserved as much as possible, especially the trees that reach a certain height and crown width should be 100% preserved. Due to the large scope of the site, the current plant information in the survey drawing is not accurate enough, and the design drawings cannot accurately avoid all native trees. Therefore, in the construction disclosure and construction process, it is particularly important for all parties to communicate on this issue in a timely and effective manner. When there is a conflict between the current arbor and the design of the road, plank road, etc., the design is given priority, so as to finally successfully make all the arbor with a diameter of more than 10cm at breast height. It has been completely preserved. In addition, according to the local climate characteristics and wetland project characteristics in Yichang, a variety of native plants and suitable wetland vegetation have been selected to improve the regional biodiversity.
▼原生林木的保留，形成高大的林冠線
The retention of native trees forms a tall canopy line. ? 張騫
▼枯水期河床裸露，草甸植被繁茂
During the dry season, the riverbed is exposed and the meadow vegetation is lush. ? 張騫
▼植物風貌野趣，富有生機
The plants are wild and full of vitality. ? 張騫
▼雨水花園種植多種耐水濕植物，生長繁茂
The rain gardens are planted with a variety of water and moisture resistant plants, which grow luxuriantly. ? 張騫
項目啟動后，已被納入國家第三批山水林田湖草生態保護修復工程試點，并接連成為宜昌市和湖北省的生態保護修復示范工程。項目完成后，也迅速成為宜昌市民休閑郊游，健身娛樂和科普認知的重要場所，聽得見水流淙淙，望得見池底游魚，兒童在林間嬉戲，白鷺從頭頂飛過，這也是本項目設計的初心。
After the project was launched, it has been included in the third batch of national pilot projects for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and has successively become a demonstration project of ecological protection and restoration in Yichang City and Hubei Province. After the completion of the project, it has quickly become an important place for Yichang citizens to enjoy leisure outings, fitness entertainment and popular science awareness. You can hear the water gurgling, see fish swimming at the bottom of the pond, children playing in the forest, and egrets flying overhead. It is also the original intention of the design of this project.
▼濕地內部水系之間有高差，水流淙淙
There is a height difference between the water systems in the wetland, and the water flow is gurgling. ? 張騫
▼生態停車場
The ecological parking lot ? 沛林生態
項目信息
項目名稱：宜昌黃柏河濕地公園
項目地址：湖北省宜昌市夷陵區
項目規模：154公頃
設計單位：杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
設計官網：https://www.hzyly.com/
主創及設計團隊：張騫、楊鐘亮、王昱、萬長江、任梓帥、聶文彬、鮑侃袁、高海防、金愛雪、黃號、彭昌敏、毛建麗
業主：湖北黃柏建設開發有限公司
設計完成時間：2019年6月
項目竣工時間：2021年10月
攝影版權：張騫、王昱、沛林生態、杭州園林設計院股份有限公司
Project Name：Yichang Huangbai River Wetland Park
Project Location：Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province
Gross Built Area (square meters)：154 ha
Design Company：Hangzhou Landscape Architecture Design Institute Co., Ltd.
Official Website：https://www.hzyly.com/
Leader Designer & Team：Zhang Qian, Yang Zhongliang, Wang Yu, Wan Changjiang, Ren zishuai, Nie wenbin, Bao Kan yuan, Gao Haifang, Jin Aixue, Huang Hao, Peng Changmin, Mao Jianli
Clients：Hubei Huangbai construction and Development Co., Ltd
Design Completion: June 2019
Project Completion: October 2021
Photo Credits：Zhang Qian, Wang Yu，沛林生態，Hangzhou Landscape Architecture Design Institute Co., Ltd.
排版：胡碧喬
版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。
投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn
項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）
京公海網安備 110108000058號