安徽池州護城河遺址公園景觀設計 | 阿普貝思

日常自然 海綿地標

Natural sponge landmark in daily life

池州是第一批海綿試點城市之一，有著水資源豐富，作為沿江中小城市，由于城市化造成的城市病如內澇、積水、開發飽和等問題突顯。2015年池州將中心城區18.5平方公里的范圍劃為示范區，啟動了117個海綿城市建設工程，其中公園類的改造項目僅有8個，池州護城河遺址公園是其中之一。

在項目更新改造中，綜合運用海綿城市、黑臭河道治理的方法，將一個“城市飛地”改造為日常自然的人工濕地公園，將原本的黑臭水體，改造成為水質常年穩定在IV類水的親水開放空間。在市中心黑臭水體治理這個議題上，做出了一個示范性的嘗試。

Chizhou, one of the first group of sponge pilot cities, is rich in water resources. As a small and medium-sized city along the Yangtze River, it has many obvious problems caused by urbanization, such as waterlogging, accumulated water and saturated development. In 2015, Chizhou designated a central city region with an area of 18.5 square kilometers as a demonstration area, and started 117 sponge city construction projects, of which only 8 were park renovation projects, and Chizhou Moat Ruins Park was one of them.

In the renovation and reconstruction project, a method for treating both sponge city and polluted river is comprehensively used to transform an "urban enclave" into a constructed wetland park with daily natural features, and the original polluted and malodorous water body into a water-engaging open space with a stable water quality of Class IV all the year round. It has made an exemplary attempt on the topic of black and malodorous water treatment in the city center.

▼項目概覽 ? 焦冬子

本項目西臨池州市第二人民醫院旁，南臨秋浦西路，東臨部隊大院，北側為新華書店的宿舍區，紅線內面積約3.5公頃，外圍客水4.7公頃，處于該片區的高程低點。項目所在區域屬于高密度開發老城區，為合流制片區，項目區內水體原為廢棄護城河所遺留的水塘，卻也是池州十條黑臭水體之一，周邊大量散排污水匯入，環境惡劣，同時北側小區常年存在積水問題。

This project is adjacent to the Second People's Hospital of Chizhou City in the west, Qiupu West Road in the south, the Army Courtyard in the east, and the dormitory area of Xinhua Bookstore in the north, and it is at the low elevation of this region. The area within the red line is about 3.5ha, and the area of surrounding foreign water is 4.7ha. The place where the project is located belongs to the old city with high-density development, which has a combined sewer system. The water body in the project area was originally a pond left by the abandoned moat, which was also one of the ten polluted and malodorous water bodies in Chizhou. The import of a large amount of discretely-discharged waste water from the surrounding area had resulted in a harsh environment in this place. Additionally, there is a problem of water accumulation in the north community all the year round.

▼場地原貌 ? UP+S

整個場地被醫院的圍欄、宿舍、違章建筑等死死包圍；水塘與市政標高的巨大高差；形成了基地難以接近的最初印象。雖身處鬧市，但其實是人們認識中的一塊“飛地”。我們開始思考能否將這個不大的場地轉變成一個日常的自然——不用費力到達，可以每日接近并且使用的親水開放空間，把一個消極空間活化成一個積極的、有參與感的空間；第二，怎樣去改善水質，營造一個海綿的人工濕地，解決片區的雨洪管理問題。

Tight enclosure of the whole site by hospital’s fences, dormitories, illegal buildings, etc., as well as the huge height difference between the pond and the municipal elevation, formed the initial impression of the site as inaccessible. Although it is located in the downtown area, it is actually an "enclave" known by people. Firstly, we began to think about whether we could turn this small place into a water-engaging open space with daily natural features, which could be accessed and used easily every day, thus turning a negative space into a positive and participatory space. Secondly, we also thought how to improve water quality, build a sponge-like constructed wetland, and solve the problem of rain and flood management in the area.

▼總平面圖 ? UP+S

公園的主入口位于南側秋浦西路上，由于入口東側單位不能搬遷的限制，使得公園主入口的尺度有限。在有限的尺度下，盡量去創造一個“空”的廣場，讓遺址公園敞開懷抱，擁抱市民來探索這塊改造后的城中飛地。點植大樹界定了公園與城市的界限，LOGO景墻和零星座椅分置兩側，緊隨入口的臺階跌水上跳動的水花，沿著臺階向下探尋，就到達漂浮廣場。

The main entrance of the park, located on Qiupu West Road in the south, has limited dimension due to the restriction that the facilities on the east side of the entrance cannot be relocated. Under this restriction, the effort will be maximized as far as possible to create an "empty" square, thus making the heritage park open its arms and embrace the citizens to explore this modified enclave in the city. The big tree planted in a row defines the boundary between the park and the city. The LOGO landscape wall and seats arranged sporadically are separated on both sides, and the step-style water falling landscape is arranged immediately behind the entrance, the water in which runs all the way down to the floating square.

▼入口水景 ? 焦冬子

站在漂浮廣場上遠望：一個環形的、漂浮于水面之上的步道貫穿了整個水岸。由于水體和城市的高差，大部分的空間凹陷于城市四周，場地上保留的水杉與新栽種的植物一起，形成了綠色的屏障界面，將整體的水面空間與外界暫時剝離。步道在岸邊、在水中、在植物叢中穿梭，步移景異。晚飯后于公園里散步，身旁是清風蛙鳴，抬眼是這座城市的點點星光，置身于這樣哪怕是短暫的日常自然里，也能得到身心的放松和舒緩的確幸。

As it is viewed on the floating square into a distance, a circular trail floating above the water runs through the whole water edge. Because of the height difference between the water body and the city, most of the space is below the surrounding. Metasequoia maintained and other plants newly planted on the site form a green barrier interface, which temporarily separates the whole water surface space from the outside world. The trail shuttles along the shore, in the water and among the plants, with different views in different locations. Post-dinner walk in the park could refresh you with the breeze and the natural frogs croaking sound, as well as the star lights interspersed overhead. People could enjoy the relaxation physically and mentally even if they have exposed to such a natural environment shortly in their daily lives.

▼一個環形的、漂浮于水面之上的步道貫穿了整個水岸 ? 焦冬子、

公園東側空間狹窄，解決高差的景觀臺地還承擔了道路雨水初步凈化的功能，臺地內的土壤根據池州的水質情況設計了特定的基質。改造前東側多是違建，違建拆除后，結合臺地設置了公園的次入口，增加公園的可達性。結合臺地，還有一些可以靜坐、發呆的隱秘空間在等待探索和發掘。

The space on the east side of the park is narrow, and the landscape platform designed to solve the height difference also has the function of primary purification of road rainwater. The soil in the platform is designed with specific substrate according to the water quality of Chizhou. Before the renovation, there are many illegal buildings in the east side. After the illegal buildings were dismantled, the secondary entrance of the park was set in combination with the platform to increase the accessibility of the park. In the platform, there are also some secret spaces waiting to be explored and excavated, which are suitable for meditation or having one’s mind rest.

▼結合臺地設置公園的次入口 ? 焦冬子

▼東側臺地與垂直流濕地 ? 焦冬子

▼臺地旁邊是親水步道，營造漫步水岸邊的感覺 ? 焦冬子

北側連接新華書店宿舍的入口進行了保留，方便居民進入。入口進來正對出挑的平臺，站在這里回望，如同坐在自家的后花園一般。這片與新華宿舍銜接的小小空間，在改造前有一些居民的菜地。改造中，尊重他們的使用習慣，將空間保留，希望他們能夠繼續用自己喜歡的方式來使用這個地方。

The entrance connecting the dormitory of Xinhua Bookstore on the north side has been maintained for the convenience of residents. People would face the outstanding platform after passing through the entrance, on which they could view the whole place as their own back garden. This small space connected with the dormitory of Xinhua Bookstores has some vegetable fields of residents before renovation. During the renovation, residents' usage habits are respected, and the space is reserved, so that they can continue to use this place in their favorite way.

▼北側出挑的平臺 ? 焦冬子

西側現存醫院與水體之間的垂直駁岸，像一道垂直的裂痕中斷了綠色基底的延續。為了形成親水的環線，用挺水植物和綠島形成公園中在西側的綠色連接。 而親水步道獨立于駁岸之外，蜿蜒于植物中，和間歇停留的平臺、簡約的白色廊架一起創造出人工濕地的生態詩意。曲折的漫步道讓人放慢腳步，兩側的植物高低變化，帶來不同的視線觀感；白色通廊在白天給人光影的變化，夜晚也是水岸上點睛的焦點。偶爾有人在水上平臺釣魚，也能有一些日常的捕獲。

The vertical revetment between the existing hospital and the water body on the west side is just like a vertical crack that interrupts the continuation of the green basement. In order to form a water-engaging loop, emergent aquatic plants and green island are used to realize the green connection on the west side of the park. The water-engaging trail is independent of the revetment, winding in the plants, creating ecological poetry of constructed wetland together with the intermittent resting terraces and simple white porch. The winding walk trail makes people slow down; the plants with different heights on both sides bring people different visual impressions; and the white corridor creates the changes in light and shadow during the day, and is also the focus of attention on the shore during the night. Occasionally, people fish on the water platform, and they can also have some daily gains.

▼西側綠色連廊 ? 焦冬子

▼西側親水步道獨立于駁岸之外，蜿蜒于植物中 ? 焦冬子

項目的整體水環境改造，從全匯水區范圍進行考慮，充分發揮綠色空間優勢，統籌優化黑臭治理和海綿建設。采用“源頭+中途+末端”的管控方式，統籌地上與地下空間，更多利用綠色措施，適當輔助黑色措施解決問題，最終實現年徑流總量控制85%目標，污染負荷削減率達84%以上（以CODcr計）。

For the overall water environment renovation of the project, the consideration has been made to the whole catchment area, in order to give full play to the advantages of green space, and make overall plans to optimize the polluted and malodorous water control and the sponge construction. The management and control mode of "Source + Midway + Terminal" has been adopted, to make overall plans for construction of the above-ground and underground spaces, make more use of the environment-friendly measures, properly assist the solution of pollution problems, and finally achieve the goal of 85% annual total runoff control, with a pollution load reduction rate of more than 84% (calculated by CODcr).

▼水系統方案設計 ? UP+S

首先，針對外圍合流制溢流污染，通過截污工程、合流制溢流調蓄池建設最終實現小區旱季污水直排；

其次，采取雨水花園、生物滯留帶帶等措施控制公園及外圍地表客水徑流；

第三，構建生態駁岸及水生態系統，與業主一起在建設期對水體內動植物的種類和數量進行配比；建設凈化濕地形成湖體自凈內循環系統，保障湖體水質長期達到四類水要求；

同時，建設泄水通道、蓋板溝等排水設施將周邊雨水接入湖體進行調蓄可實現周邊30年一遇暴雨防澇要求也解決了北部小區內澇問題。

Firstly, for the overflow pollution problem caused by peripheral combined sewer system, the sewage interception project and the combined sewer overflow storage tank have been constructed, which have finally realized the direct discharge of sewage of the community in dry season;

Secondly, measures such as construction of rainwater garden and biological retention zone have been taken to control the water runoff in the park, as well as the foreign water runoff from the peripheral area;

Thirdly, the ecological revetment and water ecosystem have been constructed, and the owners have been invited during the constructing period to determine the species and quantity of animals and plants in the water; and the purifying wetland has been constructed to form a self-cleaning internal circulation system of the lake, thus to ensure that the water quality of the lake meets the requirements of class IV water for a long time;

Additionally, drainage facilities, such as drainage channel and cover ditch, have been built to assemble the surrounding rainwater into the lake for storage, which can not only meet the flood prevention requirements of the surrounding area against the rainstorm with a probability of once every 30 years, but also solve the waterlogging problem of the community in the north.

▼恢復后的湖體生境 ? 焦冬子

公園改造更新后，成為日常易于到達的濱水活動空間，有效帶動老城區的區域活力和提升環境，并為市區的生態教育工作提供場地。黑臭水體到穩定Ⅳ類水標準。通過恢復湖體生境，提高植物群落和動物多樣性，該湖體已成為野鴨、白鷺等野生鳥類棲息地的重要場所。將黑臭水體改造為日常自然的人工濕地公園是一次非常有益的嘗試。相比于需要駕車前往的郊區的濕地公園，每天飯后可達的日常自然更為珍貴。

After renovation and modification, the park has become an accessible waterfront activity space, effectively increasing the regional vitality and upgrading the environment of the old city, and providing a venue for ecological education in the urban area. Polluted and malodorous water body has met the standard of stable Class IV. By restoring lake habitat and improving the diversity of plant communities and animals, the lake has become an important habitat for wild birds such as wild ducks and egrets. It is a very beneficial attempt to transform the polluted and malodorous water body into a constructed wetland park with daily natural features. Compared with the wetland park in the suburbs where you need to drive, the place with such daily natural features that can be accessible after meals is more precious for people.

▼夜景 ? 焦冬子

* 本項目在2021年法國NOVUM DESIGN AWARD（簡稱NDA）“城市規劃與景觀設計獎”的評選中，以該類別最高分的成績，摘得金獎，并成為該類別下“年度可持續設計獎”（SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF THE YEAR）的唯一得主。

* With the highest score in the Urban Planning and Landscape Design Category of NOVUM DESIGN AWARD 2021, the project has won the GOLDEN award, and has been selected as the only winner of the SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF THE YEAR.

_項目信息

_{項目名稱：池州護城河遺址公園}

_{項目地址：安徽省池州市貴池區}

_{設計時間：2016年10月}

_{建成時間：2018年10月}

_{景觀面積：35 000㎡}

_{業主單位：池州市城市建設重點工程管理辦公室}

_{景觀設計：阿普貝思(北京)建筑景觀設計咨詢有限公司}

_{LID水生態設計：北京雨人潤科生態技術有限責任公司}

_{總設計師：鄒裕波 趙楊}

_{項目負責人：趙雯 劉強}

_{主創設計師：童景星 潘雪}

_{設計團隊：譚斌杰 肖琳 王嘉楠 林聰 俱晨濤 李貞子 王凱}

_{攝　　影：焦冬子}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}