河南修武縣宰灣村空間提升計劃 | 三文建筑

背景與原貌：美學引領的鄉村振興與“三無”普通鄉村

Background and original appearance: rural revitalization led by aesthetics and a three-no ordinary village

修武縣位于河南省焦作市，屬于豫北地區。近年來，修武縣大力倡導美學引領的鄉村振興路徑，取得了非常顯著的成果。

宰灣村屬于七賢鎮，是典型的平原村。村莊為1960年代整村搬遷而成，空間結構呈板正的魚骨形，沒有歷史建筑。村莊缺乏風景，西側緊靠國道，東側的丘陵屬于軍事用地，不能進入。村莊已沒有耕地，也沒有集體經濟，村民或在云臺山景區從事服務業，或在附近的礦山務工，并不貧困，但從長遠看缺乏內生動力。

面對這樣一個“三無”（無風景，無風貌，無產業）村莊，應該如何對其進行提升，既不落入簡單涂涂抹抹的俗套，又要在有限造價內給予村莊新的個性是個難題。

Xiuwu County is located in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, and belongs to the north of Henan. In recent years, Xiuwu County has vigorously advocated the path of rural revitalization led by aesthetics, and has achieved remarkable results.

Zaiwan Village is a typical plain village, which belongs to Qixian Town. The whole village was relocated in 1960s, and the spatial structure was in the shape of fish bone, without historical buildings. In lack of landscape, the village's west side is close to the national highway, and the hills on the East belong to military zone forbidden from entering. The village has no cultivated land or collective economy. Villagers are not poor who work either in service industry at the Yuntai Mountain scenic spot or in nearby mines, but they lack endogenous power in the long run.

Facing such a "three-no" village (no scenery, no style and features, no industry), how to improve it is a difficult problem: not only not to conform to conventional pattern of simple painting and plastering, but also to give the village new personality within the limited cost.

▼宰灣村鳥瞰，一個真實的普通鄉村

Bird view of Zaiwan village, a real normal village ?金偉琦

破題：改革開放40年豫北民居活態博物館

Title elaboration: Museum of Living Style of the North Henan Folk Residence of the Past 40 Years Since the Reform and Opening-up

建筑師發現村中民居斷代特征清晰，并以一種“切片”的形式存在。此外，又夾雜著大量自發建造的痕跡，如彩鋼棚、光伏板等，這使村落顯得混亂但真實，是近40年豫北民居變遷的一份活態標本。如果從更深的層次解讀，還會發現這些印記還反映了改革開放后，人民對美好生活的自發追求，及黨和政府改善群眾生活的實際行動。

本項目正是希望通過美學設計，對這種樣本式建構進行梳理、放大，使之清晰化，系統化。

The architect found that the characteristics of division of historic periods of the village houses were clear and existed in the form of "slicing". In addition, there were a lot of traces of spontaneous construction, such as colored steel shed and photovoltaic board, which makes the village appear chaotic but real, which is a living specimen of the changes of the residential buildings in Northern Henan in recent 40 years. If read from a deeper level, you will find that these marks also reflect the people's spontaneous pursuit of a better life after the Reform and Opening-up, and the actual actions of the party and the government to improve the people's life.

This project just hopes to sort out and enlarge the sample construction through aesthetic design, so as to make it clear and systematic.

▼主街與街巷，采用不同的地繪手法

The floor painting methods of the main street and the streets are different ?金偉琦

▼提升后的主街

The main street after the upgrade ?金偉琦

規劃設計思路：點-線-面的結構和實施路徑

Planning and design conception: point-line-plane structure and the implementation path

規劃設計分為幾個步驟：首先保留村莊肌理和自建痕跡，形成活態博物館的基本面。然后對環境衛生，村莊道路，房前屋后，村莊照明等進行整體提升，為村民提供更好的生活條件。再后，打造精品路線和空間節點。

對村莊基礎設施的提升包括：道路白改黑（將水泥路面改為瀝青路面），增加綠化，弱電入地，用光伏路燈替換原有路燈，治理裸房墻面，下水管道疏通、隱藏等。

精品線路就是一條“時間軸線”，它把宰灣村近40年的建設行為串聯起來。設計對路面、墻面等位置進行藝術化處理，增加街道家具和游戲裝置等，使之成為村民公共生活的主要場地。

在重要位置上增設節點，包括：豫北民居展廳，村標，衛生院立面改造，“椿暖花開”藝術裝置，“有囍有魚”廣場等。它們與村莊南段村委會形成一個節點序列。

The planning and design is divided into several steps: first, the village texture and self-built traces are preserved to form the fundamental plane of the living museum. Then, the environmental health, village roads, spaces before and behind the houses, village lighting and so on are promoted as a whole, so as to provide better living conditions for the villagers. After that, a boutique visiting route and space nodes are created.

The improvement of village infrastructure includes: white cement pavements changed to black asphalt pavement, greening increased, weak current cables buried into ground, original street lamps replaced with photovoltaic ones, walls of bare houses treated, and the sewer pipes dredged and hidden.

The boutique visiting route is a "time axis", which connects the construction behaviors of Zaiwan Village in the past 40 years. For the roads and walls, the design applies artistic treatment. And street furniture and game devices are added, so that it becomes the main site for villagers' public life.

In the important positions, space nodes are added, including: Gallery of North Henan Folk Residence, village marker, elevation transformation of the village health center, art device of Spring Blossoms, Square of Double Happiness and Pisces, etc. They form a node sequence with the village committee in the southern part.

▼規劃結構示意圖

The structure of village planning ?三文建筑

敘事性景觀和公共藝術：用公共藝術和景觀手段提升空間品質，并著重敘事性表達

Narrative landscape and public art: improving the space quality by means of public art and landscape, with emphasis on narrative expression

新設計的景觀和公共藝術帶有強烈的敘事性，它為閱讀這個特殊的博物館提供了線索，具體分為：路面、墻面、裝置、街道家具四類。

The new designed landscape and public art have strong narrative characteristics, which provide clues for reading this special museum and can be divided into four categories: pavement, wall, installation and street furniture.

▼色帶、說明文字和裝置與民居基底共同構建主街的敘事性景觀

The colored ribbons, explanatory texts and installations together with the residential base build a narrative landscape of the main street ?金偉琦

路面，南北主街以三色條帶圖形為主線，黃色代表燃氣管道、綠色代表弱電線路，藍色代表下水管線，再配以說明文字，共同建構了主街路面的藝術敘事。設計緣起是：多次管線鋪設在路面上留下的“疤痕”，建筑師認為這些疤痕記錄了建設的歷程，可轉化為圖形表達，形成一個特殊文本。街道家具既具有功能性，也是路面敘事的延續，同樣呈藍、綠、黃三色，并與地面色條帶相互串聯。街巷路面相對輕松，選用兒童畫的形式，也有孩子們喜歡的游戲圖案，如跳房子、迷宮等。它們為村中兒童提供了游戲場所。

The main north-south street is composed of three color strip graphics, yellow for gas pipeline, green for weak current line and blue for sewer pipeline, and together with explanatory text, the artistic narration of main street pavement is constructed. The design is based on the following: the "scars" left by the pipelines laying on the pavement for many times. The architect believe that these scars record the construction process, and can be transformed into graphic expression and form a special text. Street furniture is not only functional, but also the continuation of the pavement narrative, which is also in blue, green and yellow, and is connected with the ground color strips. The streets and lanes are relatively relaxed, and children's paintings are selected, and there are also games loved by children, such as hopscotch and mazes. They provide a place for children in the village.

▼主街路面地繪和街道家具，時而平行，時而纏繞

The main street floor painting and street furniture, sometimes parallel, sometimes tangled ?金偉琦

▼街巷路面上的迷宮圖案

The maze pattern on the street ?金偉琦

▼兒童沿著地繪圖案奔跑、玩耍

Children running and playing along the floor painting ?金偉琦

▼跳房子

Hopscotch ?金偉琦 

▼當地兒童在自家門口畫的老鼠圖案

The mouse drawn by a local kid in front of his family ?何崴

墻面的墻繪也強調藝術敘事和趣味性。如關于路燈的墻繪：建筑師發現村莊中有多處從建筑外墻中伸出來的路燈。于是在相應位置繪制了燈光和燈桿的主題，暗示增設建筑保溫，遮蔽燈桿的事件。

The paintings on walls also emphasize artistic narration and interest. For example, as for the wall drawing of street lights, the architect found that there are many street lights in the village that protruded from the external walls of the building. So the theme of light and pole is drawn in corresponding position, suggesting the event of building insulation was added to cover light pole.

▼路燈主題的墻繪，揭示了增加房屋外保溫的事件

The wall painting of streetlighting, reflect the village adding insulation ?金偉琦

▼（左）兒童與墻繪互動，（右）裸墻整治及其說明標牌

(Left) The interaction between the kid and the wall painting(Right) Bare wall renovation and its instruction ?金偉琦

在主街的中間區域，安置一組游戲裝置。沒有采用高科技和昂貴材料，而是一組簡單的管道和傳音筒。它是村莊基礎設施管線的延續和藝術化表現。新裝置與墻面的墻繪，原有管線，及地繪的色帶圖案相連，形成墻地的三維空間敘事。

In the middle of the main street, a set of game devices are installed. Instead of high-tech and expensive materials, it's been a simple set of pipes and microphones. It is the continuation and artistic expression of the village infrastructure pipelines. The new device is connected with wall drawings, original pipelines and color belt patterns painted on the ground form the three-dimensional space narrative of wall and ground.

▼游戲裝置與地繪、街道家具，自發建造一起形成新風景

Game installation, floor painting, street furniture, spontaneous construction together form a new landscape ?金偉琦

▼裝置是燃氣管線和墻面關系的藝術化延續和放大

The installation is an artistic continuation and enlargement of the relationship between the gas pipeline and the wall ?金偉琦

▼街道家具開始融入鄉村生活

Street furniture began to integrate into country life ?金偉琦

▼標牌，對幾次重點基礎設施工程進行記錄

Signage, to record several key infrastructure upgrade projects ?金偉琦

▼在街道家具上安放歷史故事，復興文化

Add historical stories’ marks on street furniture, revive culture ?金偉琦

空間節點：整體提升中的重音，公共活動的載體

Spatial nodes: stress in overall promotion and carrier of public activities

在村里環境整體提升的前提下，建筑師也在重要位置設置了節點，這些空間節點也是未來宰灣村公共活動的主要載體。

Under the premise of the overall improvement of the village environment, the architect also set up nodes in important positions, which are also the main carriers of the village public activities in the future.

▼主街景觀總平面圖

Site plan of the main street landscape design ?三文建筑

村標

Village marker

村標，位于宰灣村西側，衛生院和豫北民居展廳之間，從國道上可以看到。建筑師將村標設計成一組高低不等的柱狀體，它代表宰灣村的發展蒸蒸日上，節節攀升。在柱體上是村莊大事記，如建村、建校等重要時刻。

The village marker, located in the west side of Zaiwan Village, between the health center and the Gallery of the North Henan Folk Residence, can be seen from the national highway. The architect designed the village marker into a group of columns with different heights, which represents the development of Zaiwan Village is booming and rising. On the columns is a chronicle of events of the village, such as the founding of village, school building and other important moments.

▼村標

The village marker ?金偉琦

▼村標上記錄了村莊發展的重要節點

The village marker records the important nodes of the village’s development ?金偉琦

豫北民居展廳

The Gallery

豫北民居展廳由兩個院落改造而成，建筑師將院落打通，保留了場地中的三棟老建筑，作為60年代民居的代表。在此基礎上，重新梳理流線，增加新建筑、入口玄關、連廊和戶外休憩空間。

The Gallery is transformed from two courtyards. The architect opened the courtyard and reserved three old buildings in the site, as the representatives of the folk residence in 1960s. On this basis, the streamline is re-sorted out and new buildings, entrance porches, corridors and outdoor rest space are added.

▼豫北民居展廳總平面圖

Site plan of the Northern Henan dwellings gallery ?三文建筑

▼豫北民居展廳平面圖

Plan of the Northern Henan dwellings gallery ?三文建筑

▼豫北民居展廳生成圖

Generative scheme of the Northern Henan dwellings gallery ?三文建筑

建筑臨街的外立面，采用紅磚和黑色鋼板組合的語言，紅磚與旁邊的60年代院落材料保持一致，金屬板提示了時代性。立面強調水平方向的線條，平實不鬧，但在細部利用磚的可塑性形成變化。

The facade of the building is in the language of combination of red brick and black steel plate. The red brick is consistent with the courtyard materials of the 1960s nearby, and the metal plate indicates the contemporaneity. The elevation emphasizes the horizontal lines, which are flat and not noisy, but the plasticity of bricks is used in detail to form changes.

▼豫北民居展廳鳥瞰

The bird view of Gallery of North Henan Folk Residence ?金偉琦

▼展廳臨街外立面

Street view of the gallery ?金偉琦

▼外立面以紅磚和黑色鋼板為材料

Red bricks and black steel plates as the facade material ?金偉琦

▼展廳外立面細部

The detail of the gallery facade ?金偉琦

▼從院內看入口玄關

Entrance porch from the courtyard ?金偉琦

主入口位于西側院落，觀眾需要迂回的進入。保留了正房和廂房，進行適當修繕，作為展廳使用。東院保留了北側的正房，在南側增加一座新建筑，它的功能是咖啡廳、茶室和文創產品展示售賣。新舊建筑呈對視的狀態，并由西側的廊道相連。老建筑保持原貌的夯土，新建筑為紅磚，交通空間為黑色鋼板，建筑師有意讓一些位置形成縫隙，一方面避免了新舊材料之間的沖突，另一方面也強化了光線在空間中的戲劇性作用。

The main entrance is located in the courtyard on the west side, where the audience needs to enter circuitously. The main room and wing-rooms are reserved with proper repair and use as exhibition hall. The main room on the north side in the east courtyard is retained, with a new building added to the south. Its functions are coffee bar, tea room and cultural and creative products display and sale. The old and new buildings are in a state of opposite view and connected by the corridor on the west side. The old buildings keep the original rammed earth while the new buildings are red-bricked, and the traffic space is of black steel plates. The architect intends to make some positions form gaps. On the one hand, the conflict between the old and the new materials is avoided, and on the other hand, the dramatic role of light in space is strengthened.

▼入口玄關

Entrance porch ?金偉琦

▼西院保留兩棟老民居

Western courtyard retains two old houses ?金偉琦

▼兩棟老房子之間的縫隙是進入東院的通道

The gap between the two old houses is the passage to the east courtyard ?金偉琦

▼從東院外廊回看入口玄關

Looking back at the entrance porch from the outer corridor of the east courtyard ?金偉琦

▼東院中的外廊

The outer corridor of the east courtyard ?金偉琦

▼室外休閑區域

Outdoor leisure area ?金偉琦

▼東院內的新舊建筑形成對視

The old and new buildings in the east yard form a confrontation ?金偉琦

▼夯土、紅磚和鋼板形成材料和時代的對話

Rammed earth, red bricks and steel plates form a dialogue between materials and the times ?金偉琦

▼新建筑朝向院落的立面為落地玻璃

The facade of the new building facing the courtyard is full-height glass ?金偉琦

▼利用場地高差形成空間的起伏

Using the height difference of the site to form the fluctuation of the space ?金偉琦

▼樓梯通向上人屋面，回應了當地民居倒座的形制

The stairs lead to the roof, responding to the shape of the inverted seat of the local houses ?金偉琦

▼屋頂平臺既拓展了使用空間，又提供了從高處觀看建筑和周邊的視角

The roof terrace not only expands the usable space, but also provides a higher perspective view of the building and surroundings ?金偉琦

在室內布局上，老建筑作為展廳使用，原始空間格局被保留，并適當恢復歷史面貌，再現豫北地區的室內生活場景。新建筑作為休閑和售賣功能，為參觀者提供休息交流的空間。

In the interior layout, the old buildings are used as exhibition halls, the original space pattern is preserved, and the historical features are properly restored to reproduce the indoor life scenes in Northern Henan. As a leisure and sales function, the new building provides visitors with space for rest and exchange.

▼保留民居室內，恢復傳統民居生活場景

Keep the interior of the folk house and restore the life scene of the traditional folk house ?金偉琦

▼建筑中部開敞區域為文創產品的展示和銷售

The open area in the middle of the building is for the display and sales of cultural and creative products ?金偉琦

▼設置有水臺，可以為使用者提供咖啡和飲料

The bar can provide coffee and other drinks for the visitors ?金偉琦

▼從新建筑看院落和老民居

Look at courtyards and old houses from the new building ?金偉琦

“椿暖花開”藝術裝置 

The Spring Blossoms

“椿暖花開”是一個景觀性的藝術裝置，依托村莊原有的一顆椿樹創作完成。椿樹位于規劃的L形精品線路拐彎處，是南北主路景觀的起點。裝置的含義代表了改革開放的開始，春歸大地，萬物復蘇。

The Spring Blossoms are a landscape art device, which is completed by the original Chinese toon tree in the village. The Chinese toon is located at the corner of the planned L-shaped boutique route, which is the starting point of the landscape of the north-south main street. The meaning of the device represents the beginning of Reform and Opening-up: spring returns to the earth, and everything recovers.

▼椿暖花開裝置是主街景觀的起點，樹冠上的亞克力球代表了人民群眾的各種美化愿望

Cedrela Blossoms installation is the starting point of the main street landscape, the acrylic balls in the canopy represents people’s desire to beautify ?金偉琦

▼根據建筑制圖中的樹枝圖案設計的馬賽克拼圖

The mosaic layout is designed according to the branches pattern in architectural graphing ?金偉琦

“有囍有魚”廣場

The Square of Double Happiness and Pisces

“有囍有魚”廣場，位于主街中部，場地原是集體用地，村民在此處種菜。菜地與道路間有一處變電站和一個雜貨亭。建筑師將此處改造為村中的小廣場，供村民日常休閑使用。

The Square of Double Happiness and Pisces is located in the middle of the main street, which was originally collective land where villagers planted vegetables. There is a substation and a grocery booth between the vegetable field and the streets. The architect transformed this place into a small square in the village for villagers' daily leisure use.

▼有囍有魚廣場總平面圖 

Site plan of the Square of Double Happiness and Pisces ?三文建筑

▼有囍有魚廣場便民站點剖面圖 

Section of the Square of Double Happiness and Pisces convenience service station ?三文建筑

▼有囍有魚廣場生成圖

Generative scheme of the Square of Double Happiness and Pisces ?三文建筑

首先對場地硬化，使其更符合廣場的功能，然后在廣場一角增加布告欄，另一角增設了休息平臺。廣場和主街之間，增建一處便民服務點，用于接收快遞和小賣部。場地中原有的變電站無法搬遷，建筑師將裸露的變電設施改為更安全的箱變，并包入建筑中，與便民服務點合二為一。服務點建筑平面成梯形，采用木結構和單坡頂，屋頂西南角高，東北角低。建筑師利用屋頂的釉面瓦和立面組合出“?”和雙魚圖案，代表村民對生活的美好愿望。

First, the site is hardened to make it more suitable for the function of square, then a notice board is added at one corner of the square and a rest platform at the other corner. Between the square and the main street, a new convenience service point is built to receive express delivery and small sales department. The original substation in the site could not be relocated. The architect changed the exposed substation facilities into a safer box transformer and incorporated it into the building, which is integrated with the convenience service point. The service point is trapezoidal in plane, with wooden structure and single slope top. The southwest corner of the roof is higher and the northeast corner lower. The architect uses the glazed tiles and facade of the roof to combine the "Double Happiness" and the Pisces patterns, representing the villagers' good wishes for life.

▼鳥瞰，新的有囍有魚廣場成為村莊公共空間

Bird view, the Square of Double Happiness and Pisces becomes public space in the village ?金偉琦

▼有囍有魚廣場鳥瞰

The bird view of the Square of Double Happiness and Pisces ?金偉琦

▼利用屋頂的釉面瓦和立面組合出“囍”和雙魚圖案

Use a combination of roof tiles and vertical panels to make Double Happiness and Pisces pattern ?金偉琦

▼從主街看便民服務站，變電站被包入其中

The convenience service station viewing from the main street, the transformer station was wrapped inside the building ?金偉琦 

▼便民服務站成為孩子們玩耍的道具

The convenience service station becomes pros which children are playing ?金偉琦

結語：嘗試為普通鄉村提供一個空間提升樣本

Conclusion: a try to provide a sample of space promotion for ordinary villages

像宰灣村一樣的村莊在修武縣，乃至中國都有大量的存在。它們沒有特殊的景色，沒有歷史風貌，也沒有顯著的產業，就是普通村莊，普通人和普通生活。如何為它們設計，是每個從事鄉村建設的建筑師都需要思考的命題。

在宰灣村，設計團隊幸運的找到了改革開放40年豫北民居活態博物館的主題，在保留村莊原有肌理、真實鄉村景觀和自發建造痕跡的基礎上，以建筑、景觀、公共藝術和敘事的方式加以串聯、放大和詮釋。這是一種偷巧，也是一種機巧，希望它能為中國此類普通村莊的振興提供參考。

Villages like Zaiwan Village exist in quantity in Xiuwu County and even in whole China. They have no special scenery, no historical features, no significant industries, namely just ordinary villages with ordinary people and ordinary life. How to design them is a proposition that every architect engages in rural construction needs to think about.

In Zaiwan Village, the design team was fortunate to find the theme of the Museum of Living Style of the North Henan Folk Residence of the Past 40 Years Since the Reform and Opening-up. On the basis of retaining the original texture, real rural landscape and spontaneous construction traces, the design team connected, enlarged and interpreted the village in the way of architecture, landscape, public art and narration. It is a kind of sneaking and also a kind of ingenuity. I hope it can provide reference for the revitalization of such ordinary villages in China.

_項目信息

_{地點：河南省焦作市修武縣七賢鎮}

_{業主：修武縣七賢鎮人民政府}

_{建筑及景觀設計：三文建筑}

_{主創建筑師：何崴}

_{項目建筑師：劉明陽}

_{設計團隊：陳龍，孟祥婷，王梓亦，劉詠，趙冬雨（實習），王晨羽（實習），陳明旭（實習）}

_{駐場工程師：劉衛東}

_{合作單位：北京華巨建筑規劃設計院有限公司，北京鴻尚國際設計有限公司}

_{設計時間：2020年11月-2021年1月}

_{完成時間：2021年5月}

_{攝影：金偉琦，何崴}

_{Project information:}

_{Location: Seven Xian Town, Shuwu County, Jiaozhu City, Henan Province}

_{Owner: Qixian Town People's Government of Xiuwu County}

_{Architecture and landscape design: 3andwich Design}

_{Leading architect: He Wei}

_{Project architect: Liu Mingyang}

_{Design team: Chen Long, Meng Xiangting, Wang Ziyi, Liu Yong, Zhao Dongyu(Internship), Wang Chenyu(Internship), Chen Mingxu(Internship)}

_{Resident engineer: Liu Weidong}

_{Partners: Beijing Vage Architectural Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Hongshang International Design Co., Ltd}

_{Design time: Nov. 2020 - Jan. 2021}

_{Completion time: May 2021}

_{Photo: Jin Weiqi, He Wei}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}