上海樹桌花園景觀設計 | 大觀景觀

概述 

^Statement 

在中國，超過90%以上的中學都是公辦學校，為周邊社區提供了良好的基礎教育服務，但傳統的校園偏重于教室與實驗室這些教學功能，對公共空間缺乏足夠的關注。在室外，綠地雖然很多，但真正活動和交流空間卻很少，并且缺少活力。

^{In China, more than 90% of secondary schools are public schools, which provide good basic education services for the surrounding communities. However, the traditional campuses focus on the teaching functions of classrooms and laboratories, and lack sufficient attention to public spaces. Outdoors, although there are many green spaces, there are few real activities and communication spaces, and they lack vitality.}

▲庭院鳥瞰

為適應當代學生教學和生活的新需求，上海市實驗學校（Shanghai Experimental School，SES）在近兩年進行了一系列的校園空間改造與更新。改造重點之一的就是位于校園建筑群核心的樹桌花園。

改造設計在有限的尺度里將一個乏味的封閉綠化庭院變成了一個充滿活力和趣味性的積極空間，為學生們提供了室外上課、做實驗、聚餐以及做游戲的新空間，鼓勵學生之間的交往與團隊協作，為校園生活帶來有了更多的可能性。

^{In order to adapt to the new needs of contemporary students' teaching and living, Shanghai Experimental School (SES) has carried out a series of indoor and outdoor renovations and updates in the past two years. One of the key points of the renovation is the tree-table garden at the heart of the campus complex.}

^{Renovation design transforms a boring closed green courtyard into a dynamic and interesting positive space on a limited scale, providing students with a new space for outdoor classes, experiments, dinners and games, encouraging students to The interaction and teamwork bring more possibilities to campus life.}

▲庭院原貌

設計說明 

^Narrative 

項目背景 

^Background

面對當代學生的教學和生活的新需求，上海市實驗學校學校（SES）開展了對校園室內外多個空間的系列化改造，希望新空間能夠幫助學校開展多樣化的教學工作，同時能夠給學生提供更多多樣化的活動空間。

樹桌花園改造前是位于幾棟教學樓之間的一片正方形庭院，雖然地處學校中心位置，卻十分封閉。其中10年前種下的植物經過多年生長后雖然茂盛，但卻顯得有些雜亂，幾乎從各個角度都遮擋了視線。庭院邊的走廊連接著食堂和體育館，使用率很高，卻被欄桿阻隔，令人幾乎無法進入庭院。與庭院緊鄰的一樓大廳是學校建筑的重要要出入口，由于庭院面貌不佳，朝向庭院的落地玻璃被全部貼上了海報，嚴實密閉，使得整個庭院與周邊的關系更加剝離?，F狀庭院中的路徑也有些令人迷惑，既起不到交通聯系的作用，也支持不了更多的活動。

SES提出了針對庭院及周邊建筑空間一體化的改造要求，景觀設計師與室內設計師共同合作，希望打造一個開放的、室內外相融合的庭院空間。

^{Facing the new needs of contemporary students' campus life, Shanghai Experimental School (SES) has carried out a series of transformations on indoor and outdoor spaces in the campus. It is hoped that the new space will help schools carry out diversified teaching work and at the same time Students offer more diverse event spaces.}

^{Before the renovation of the tree table garden, there was a square courtyard between several teaching buildings. Although it was located in the center of the school, it was very closed. The plants planted 10 years ago, although they have flourished after many years of growth, are somewhat messy and obscure sights from almost every angle. The courtyard side corridor connects the canteen and the gymnasium, and the usage rate is high, but it is blocked by the railing, making it almost impossible to enter the courtyard. The first floor lobby adjacent to the courtyard is an important entrance for the school building. Due to the poor appearance of the courtyard, the floor-to-ceiling glass facing the courtyard is all affixed with posters, which are tightly sealed, which makes the relationship between the whole courtyard and the surrounding area more divestiture. The path in the current courtyard is also somewhat confusing, and it does not function as a transportation link, nor can it support more activities.}

^{SES proposed the transformation requirements for the integration of courtyard and surrounding building space. Landscape architects and interior designers work together to create an open, indoor and outdoor courtyard space.}

▲動線分析

▲樹桌花園概覽

▲樹桌與大廳

設計意圖 

^{Plan for design}

改造設計力圖最大程度消除花園與建筑空間的隔離，建立室內室外一體化的空間體系。庭院空間要更加開放，滿足日常穿行和活動的需求，師生們可以從各個方向地進入，并滿足無障礙的需求。庭院空間還能夠滿足學生們各種多樣化的使用，如戶外上課、班級聚會、自然實驗、游戲娛樂等，也便于舉辦學校層級的一些非正式、輕松的小規模交流活動。庭院原生樹木全部保留，并能成為整個庭院的重要特征。

^{The transformation design strives to minimize the isolation between the garden and the building space, and establish a spatial system for indoor and outdoor integration. The courtyard space should be more open to meet the needs of daily walking and activities. Teachers and students can enter from all directions and meet the needs of barrier-free. The courtyard space can also meet the diverse use of students, such as outdoor classes, class gatherings, nature experiments, game entertainment, etc. It is also convenient to hold some informal and easy small-scale exchange activities at the school level. The native trees in the courtyard are all preserved and can be an important feature of the entire courtyard.}

▲保留下的11棵樹木形成綠意盎然的上層覆蓋

設計策略

^Strategies

開放與連接

^{Open and connected}

與建筑室內設計師共同合作，一樓大廳對庭院完全開放，連廊空間也拓展為學習和交流空間，與庭院空間完全融合。

改造后的庭院，采用了全通透的設計，四周均可進入，內部也能停留，方便了學生日常便捷無障礙穿行的需求。綜合樓一樓大廳與對面的教學樓的視線聯系被建立起來，校園空間的連續性得到顯著提升。

同時得益于空間的開放和視線的通透，樹木真正成為了庭院中顯著的特色。?

^{Working with architectural interior designers, the first floor lobby is completely open to the courtyard, and the corridor space is also expanded into a learning and communication space, fully integrated with the courtyard space.}

^{The reconstructed courtyard adopts a fully transparent design, which can be accessed all around and can be stopped inside, which is convenient for students' daily convenient and unobstructed travel. The line of sight of the first floor lobby of the complex building and the opposite school building was established, and the continuity of the campus space was significantly improved.}

^{At the same time, thanks to the openness of the space and the transparency of the line of sight, the trees have truly become a distinctive feature in the courtyard.}

▲樹桌細部

▲樹桌依照樹干點位環繞放置

一個班的室外課堂與活力空間 

^{An outdoor classroom with a dynamic space}

新的庭院最終以樹木和桌子為主要元素，被SES師生稱為樹桌花園。

作為整個花園最重要元素的樹桌，看似自由隨機的外型，實際上也是按照一個40人班級的課桌尺度演變而來。樹桌定位依照原生樹干點位環繞放置，四組自由曲線型的桌面，流動漂浮在大樹之間，形成綠蔭下的“樹桌”，創造出與樹為鄰的學習空間，樹桌的長度大于一個常規班級中所有課桌長度的總和，能夠開展室外教學課程，間距與空隙則與周邊建筑接口與通道對應。?樹桌花園定義了SES第一處室外的非正式學習空間。與室內或半室內空間比起來，這里擁有更開放的環境氛圍，有更便捷的步行體驗和更綠色的自然景觀。樹桌花園鼓勵老師和學生們的自由使用，拓展出原有庭院所不具備的功能。

樹桌花園沒有圍欄，沒有出入口，沒有固定的座位，也沒有繁瑣的使用規則，有的只是尺度適宜的臺面和平整的場地空間，鼓勵各種充滿想象力的多樣化使用。在平常時分，樹桌花園對SES來說是一片綠色的充滿詩意的存在，安靜地陪伴著老師和學生們，一旦當各種活動融入，這里瞬間成為充滿活力的校園中心。

^{The new courtyard is finally dominated by trees and tables, and is called the Tree Table Garden by SES teachers and students.}

^{The tree table, which is the most important element of the whole garden, looks like a free and random appearance, and actually evolved according to the desk scale of a 40-person class. The tree table is positioned according to the position of the original trunk. Four sets of free-form desktops float and float between the trees to form a “tree table” under the shade of the trees, creating a learning space adjacent to the tree. The length is greater than the sum of the lengths of all the desks in a regular class. It can carry out outdoor teaching courses, and the spacing and gaps correspond to the surrounding building interfaces and channels. The Tree Table Garden defines the first informal learning space outside of SES. Compared with indoor or semi-indoor spaces, it has a more open environment, a more convenient walking experience and a greener natural landscape. The Tree Table Garden encourages the free use of teachers and students to expand the functions that the original courtyard does not have.}

^{There is no fence in the tree table garden, no entrances and exits, no fixed seats, no cumbersome rules of use, and some are only suitable scales and flat space, encouraging a variety of imaginative and diversified use. In normal times, Tree Table Garden is a green and poetic existence for SES, quietly accompanying teachers and students, once it is integrated into various activities, it instantly becomes a vibrant campus center.}

^{▲樹桌花園為校園帶來了開放的戶外學習空間}

^{▲從大廳看樹桌花園}

^{▲走廊改造后緊鄰樹桌花園}

^{▲復合型學習空間}

樹木保留與雨水管理 

^{Tree retention and rainwater management}

原生的11棵樹木都是非常普通的品種，一點都不名貴。但是經過多年的生長，已經形成了綠意盎然的上層覆蓋，設計保留和延續這個元素，也是在延續校園的記憶，同時也是對生態的尊重。在保留了原生的11棵樹木的同時，疏于管理的灌木和地被層部分被移除了，取代的是能夠保障原生樹木透水透氣性的新的樹桌設計。

同時，花園地面也采用了全透水地面，引導雨水快速下滲，也減少地面濕滑?？紤]到建筑內外平接的地坪，為防止暴雨期間雨水倒灌入室內，花園四周采用了線形排水系統以便排掉多余的地面徑流。

^{The original 11 trees are very common varieties, not at all expensive. However, after years of growth, the green upper layer has been formed, and the design retains and continues this element. It is also a memory of the campus and a respect for the ecology. While retaining the native 11 trees, the unmanaged shrubs and ground cover were partially removed, replacing the new tree table design that would protect the native trees from water and breathability.}

^{At the same time, the garden floor also adopts a fully permeable ground to guide the rapid infiltration of rainwater and also reduce the wetness of the ground. Taking into account the flat floor inside and outside the building, in order to prevent rainwater from pouring into the room during heavy rain, a linear drainage system is used around the garden to drain excess ground runoff.}

▲樹桌花園成為充滿活力的校園中心

結論? 

In conclusion?

對比改造前的庭院和改造后的樹桌花園可以看到，上層樹木依然繁茂，然而樹下空間則發生了改變。由缺少活力的封閉綠地轉換為了一個充滿活力和趣味性的積極空間，為學生們提供了室外上課、做實驗、聚餐以及做游戲的新空間，給學生生活帶來了更多的可能性。

^{Comparing the courtyard before the renovation and the tree garden in the renovation, we can see that the upper trees are still flourishing, but the space under the trees has changed. The transition from a lack of vitality to a vibrant green space provides a new space for students to take classes, experiment, gather, and play games, bringing more possibilities to student life.}

^{▲2015的庭院和2018的樹桌花園}

^{▲秋季的樹桌花園}

^{▲場地平面圖}

^▲平面圖

^{▲樹桌原理圖}

^{▲樹桌推導過程}

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