深圳光明文化藝術中心景觀設計 | GVL怡境國際設計集團

田園記憶

DESIGN CONCEPT

拿到項目之后，我們第一時間翻看了光明區(qū)的地方志。原來在幾十年前，這里還是大片的農田，農業(yè)是光明區(qū)的主要經濟產業(yè)，著名的晨光牛奶就是產自光明。

Commissioned for the landscape design of Guangming Culture & Art Center, we first referred to the chorography of Guangming District. Upon research, we found that the site was originally a large area of farmland several decades ago, when agriculture was the main economic industry of this district. It is the birthplace of the famous Chenguang Dairy.

▼光明的田園肌理

farmland texture

如今的光明雖然已經建成為產業(yè)豐富的生態(tài)都市，但田園文化仍然在一代人們的心中留下深深的漣漪，當下我們就決定將“田園”進行藝術化的演繹，作為主要的設計語言植入到項目之中。 

Though Guangming District has already established an urban ecology with diverse industries, pastoral culture is still firmly rooted in people’s heart. Therefore, we immediately decided to interpret the “pastoral culture” in an artistic way and integrate “farmland” into the project.  

▼山水田園的設計愿景

concept of landscape and idyll

▼將田園肌理演變?yōu)樵O計語言

farmland texture as design pattern

▼首層平面圖

first floor plan

▼建成后航拍圖（攝于2021.05.23）

aerial view upon completion(shot on May 23, 2021)

▼中庭的抽象田園肌理

abstract farmland texture in the atrium

多維海綿系統(tǒng)

SPONGE CITY

基于光明區(qū)的海綿城市建設要求，項目伊始，我們就對設計方案進行了海綿城市評估和計算，目的是構建一個科學的、多維的海綿城市系統(tǒng)，以適應復雜的地形地貌和場地水文狀況。

根據(jù)計算結果，我們在易淹沒區(qū)域融入了展示型雨水花園、生物滯留池、下凹綠地、綠色屋頂、植被緩沖帶、生態(tài)碎石渠等海綿設施，并將其進行組合串聯(lián)，收集的雨水最終匯入地下蓄水箱進行回用，最終實現(xiàn)年徑流總量控制率74.3%，面源污染控制率56%，透水鋪裝率50%的指標，滿足深圳市海綿城市建設要求。

To meet the Sponge City construction requirements of Guangming District, we carefully evaluated and calculated the design from the very beginning, aiming to build a scientific and multi-dimensional sponge city system, which will adapt to the complex terrain and water system.  

Based on the evaluation and calculation, in the easily flooded area, we built a rainwater garden, a bioretention pond, a sunken greenbelt, a rooftop garden, a buffer zone and a gravelly ditch, which are combined to collect and recycle rainwater in the underground storage tank. Finally, the annual runoff control rate in the area reaches 74.3 percent, the reduction rate of diffuse pollution reaches 56 percent, and the permeable pavement rate reaches 50 percent, which well meet the requirements of Shenzhen’s Sponge City Construction. 

▼生態(tài)設計獲得綠建三星及海綿城市雙認證

three-star green building and sponge-city-certified project

同時，我們還需要構建精細化的海綿景觀，即綠色基礎設施與景觀藝術的高度融合，使其更加符合公建項目氣質，為市民提供優(yōu)質的活動環(huán)境，為此我們提出了5個策略來應對這一挑戰(zhàn)。

In the meantime, we need to create refined sponge-city landscape, which means the high integration of green infrastructure and landscape art. It will showcase the atmosphere of the public building and provide excellent activity spaces for citizens. In face of the challenges, we presented the following five strategies. 

▼雨水流向示意圖

diagram of rainwater flow

▼匯水分區(qū)及雨水流向圖

water catchments subdivition and rainwater flow directions

▼海綿設施布置圖

sponge facilities layout

▼灰綠設施結合構建高效能高顏值的海綿系統(tǒng)

Gray and green facilities form a high-efficient and beautiful sponge city system

1.順應地形

Terrain-based Design

項目場地呈三面坡的多維四邊形形態(tài)，四個邊角都是翹起來的，尤其是東面坡地的處理是本案的一個難點：縱向有9.6米的巨大高差，坡度超過4.9%；橫向寬度僅有26米，整體呈狹長陡峭的空間狀態(tài)，易產生局促和壓抑的空間體驗，在雨水管理方面也可能產生水土流失等問題。

即便如此，我們仍然希望尊重場地原貌，盡量減少土壤的擾動和水文的破壞，于是我們采用臺地式的多功能三維立體擋墻消化場地高差，并解決雨水管理的問題。

The multi-dimensional quadrilateral site is sloping on three sides with four corners curling up. The eastern slope features a height difference of 9.6 meters and a slope gradient over 4.9%, while it is only 26 meters in width. Long and narrow space is easy to make people feel depressed and cause erosion.

Even so, we still hope to show respect for the terrain, trying to reduce excavation and avoid damage to the water resources. As a result, we built a  terraced multi-functional parapet to balance the height difference and realize rainwater harvesting. 

▼原貌地形分析

terrain analysis

▼坡地參數(shù)化設計

parametric slope design

基于多向坡的復雜地形現(xiàn)狀，我們通過建立模型推敲以及參數(shù)化設計來解決問題，因此擋墻是以三維異形、參數(shù)化漸變的形態(tài)來展現(xiàn)的，兼顧擋墻、座椅、排水渠和消能坎的功能，兼具功能性、視覺的豐富性和趣味性。

除此之外，在坡地的外側低洼處設計了帶狀的雨水花園，方便同時收納人行道以及坡地的雨水，并設置了石籠擋水坎來應對雨水沖刷速度過快的問題。在東面坡地的高程最低處設置了特色雨水花園，底下結構互相聯(lián)通，上部空間錯落，體現(xiàn)出生態(tài)景觀的特殊美感。

In consideration of the complicated sloping terrain, we used models and parametric design to solve the problem. As a result, a three-dimensional parapet came into being, which can not only serve as wall, bench and drainage channel but also appeal to visitors. 

Besides, a belt rainwater garden is designed along the slope to collect rainwater from the footpath and the slope. There is also gabion to prevent high-speed rainwash. In addition, built in the lower part of the eastern slope is a rainwater garden, which is connected with the underground facilities and presents unique beauty above the ground. 

▼順應地形的海綿設計

terrain-based sponge-city design

▼多功能擋墻與海綿設施的結合

multi-functional retaining wall and sponge facilities

▼坡地多重植被種植構建生態(tài)綜合體

Eco complex covered by plants of different heights.

▼順應地形設計的種植空間

terrain-based planting space

2.光明之眼

Eye of Light

我們在建筑的正立面前設計了長170m，寬18m的大型鏡面水景，利用建筑拱形入口與水景的倒影完美形成一只巨大的眼睛，被稱為“光明之眼”，現(xiàn)在已經成為新晉的網紅打卡點。

水面之上的拱形入口隱喻文化的橋梁，表現(xiàn)“在光明，看世界”的深刻寓意。大型的鏡面水景使龐大的建筑顯得輕盈及動感，同時使訪客遠離建筑，以緩解建筑帶來的壓抑感。

In front of the building’s facade, we designed a 170m long and 18m wide mirror water, which forms a huge eye together with the arched entrance. The so-called “Eye of Light” has become a new Instagram-worthy location. 

The arched entrance over the water is the “bridge of culture”, through which people can have a fantastic view of the world. The large area water makes the huge building look graceful and dynamic. Meanwhile, it keeps visitors far away from the building, thus feeling less oppressive.  

▼網紅打卡點—“光明之眼”

Instagram-Worthy Location —— Eye of Light

▼深圳首個使用雨水資源回用技術的大型水景

The first waterscape to use rainwater recycling system in Shenzhen

除此之外，3000㎡的水景面臨著高額的日常維護費用，我們在地下車庫設置了兩個750m3的大型蓄水池，利用收集并調蓄場地內的雨水，并進行循環(huán)過濾，以滿足水景的日常使用。

這樣每年能夠減少60%的自來水使用，形成可持續(xù)的生態(tài)水景。另外，水景在暴雨時還能作為臨時調蓄設施，緩解管網壓力。

To reduce the maintenance cost for the 3,000㎡ waterscape, we built two 750m3 huge reservoirs in the underground parking for rainwater recycling.

In this way we save up to 60% tap-water use annually and create a sustainable eco waterscape which can be used as a temporary reservoir in rainstorm.  

▼雨水調蓄及回用系統(tǒng)

rainwater storage and recycling system

▼地下蓄水箱

underground water tank

我們還利用參數(shù)化設計，設計了由300多根不同尺度的圓柱構成的山形雕塑，呈現(xiàn)出360度可觀賞的效果。

作為引導性的入口標志和視覺焦點，在燈光的映襯下，整個參數(shù)化的雕塑對光線的不同反射，呈現(xiàn)出霧噴的視覺效果，如同山間云霧繚繞。

虛化的設計使空間更加的輕盈、通透和舒適，山脈的形狀與“光明之眼”相互呼應，代表光明的青山綠水，隱喻光明之外是遼闊的世界，光明之內是牽掛與鄉(xiāng)愁。

With parametric design, we also created a mountain-shaped sculpture using more than 300 columns of different sizes, which can be seen from any perspective.  

As the symbol and focus at the entrance, the sculpture reflects the light from different angles, just like the the mountain surrounded by clouds and mist.  

Abstract design makes the space open, graceful and comfortable. The “mountain” dialogues with the “eye of light”, representing the beautiful landscape of Guangming and symbolizing that outside the city is a wonderful world while inside is the loved hometown.  

▼拱形入口構成炫麗的山水畫卷

arched entrance looks like a landscape painting

▼參數(shù)化山形藝術雕塑描繪出光明的山水

mountain-shaped sculpture presents the beauty of Guangming

3.文化雨園

Rainwater Garden

由于合院式建筑特點導致中庭是重要的雨水管理區(qū)域，暴雨時來自四周建筑的雨水會對場地進行淹沒，傳統(tǒng)的綠化顯然不能解決這一問題，于是我們在此設計了田字格式的雨水花園。

花園下方鋪設了特殊的基質土、粗砂、碎石和排水盲管，以幫助漫流的雨水可以在此更好的滯留、凈化和下滲并輸送至地下蓄水箱中，同時也不影響地上植被景觀的營造，這樣的設計也呼應了“四水歸堂”的文化特色。

For quadrangle-style buildings, the atrium is an important area for  rainwater management. Since traditional landscape cannot deal with floods, we created a rainwater garden here which is divided into pieces and looks look farmland. 

Under the garden are special soil matrix, coarse sand, gravel and drain-pipes, which will help to collect, purify and transport rainwater into the underground reservoirs without damaging the plants on the ground. The design also conforms to the Chinese tradition of “water gathering together”. 

▼中庭雨水徑流方向示意圖

flow diagram of rainwater in atrium

▼清新宜人之傳統(tǒng)嶺南合院的現(xiàn)代演繹

modern interpretation of traditional Lingnan courtyard

▼符合文化、藝術、生態(tài)氣質的中庭休閑空間

Cultural, artistic and ecological atrium space

相較于外圍四面空間的游覽功能，中庭區(qū)域則更加側重于有精準集散目的地的功能使用，包括可以舉辦音樂節(jié)、發(fā)布會等大型活動的架空空間。

L型臺地圍合的小型文化交流空間有互動取水器、文化風向標、文化地刻等趣味設計的林下休閑空間等。我們甚至使用了可移動的輕質發(fā)光混凝土座椅增加空間使用的靈活性。在一天中的大部分時間，這里都有不同程度的遮陰區(qū)域，使人們更愿意在這里停留。 

Different from the peripheral spaces which are mainly for sightseeing, the atrium is designed as a destination for music festivals, news conference and other large-scale activities. 

The L-shaped terrace is designed with interactive water faucets, cultural wind vanes, cultural carvings, etc. Moreover, we created movable seats with luminous concrete, making the space dynamic and flexible. With shade around most of the time during the day, people are willing to stay here and have a rest.    

▼互動取水器裝置

interactive drinage faucets

▼特色發(fā)光混凝土座椅成為中庭的視覺焦點

Luminous concrete seat is eye-catching in the atrium

▼代表世界文化藝術潮流的風向標裝置

Wind vanes stand for international culture and art trend

4.創(chuàng)新鋪裝

Innovative Pavement

為了呼應在地抽象田園的設計理念，同時滿足50%的透水率需求，我們專門定制了平行四邊形的鋪裝，包括傳統(tǒng)石材和透水磚，并且聯(lián)合專家共同研發(fā)了混拼技術，來達到更好的景觀效果。   

由于項目的四面都有出入口，動線較為復雜，在進行鋪裝設計時，我們根據(jù)場地活躍程度不同和所預測的人群密度的變化，應用參數(shù)化技術，設計出具有導視功能的漸變鋪裝系統(tǒng)，強化視覺的引導性。同時74°的平行四邊形鋪裝與建筑平行，建筑與景觀達成風格和序列的統(tǒng)一。

To highlight the design idea of “farmland” and reach a permeability rate of 50%, we customized pavement in parallelogram, including traditional stone and permeable bricks, which are skillfully combined together to present a better visual effect. 

With entrances and exits in four directions, the visiting routes are relatively complicated. Therefore, based on crowd predication and parametric design, we created an effective signage system using the changing pavement. In addition, the 74° parallelograms are parallel to the buildings, which contributes to a unified style between landscape and architecture. 

▼具有導視功能的鋪裝設計

guiding pavement design

▼鋪裝的參數(shù)化設計

parametric pavement design

▼透水鋪裝混鋪材料

permeable-impermeable mixed paving technology

▼透水鋪裝與傳統(tǒng)石材混鋪技術實現(xiàn)功能和美學的統(tǒng)一

Combination of permeable pavement material and traditional stone

▼屋頂特色廊架與混拼鋪裝細節(jié)

Pergola and mixed pavement in the roof garden

5.科普體驗

Scientific Experience

西面靠近建筑一側的低洼處則成為科普展示海綿知識的最佳地點。下雨時可以看到來自建筑屋頂?shù)挠晁谶@里滯留、下滲、凈化及儲存的過程。

透明的亞克力板清晰展示了高位雨水花壇內部的結構，結合石籠共同形成圍合的停留空間，碎石滲池同時為人們提供了進入花園的入口，方便人們在這里學習、休憩和觀賞。

The lower land in the west nearby the building is ideal for sponge city display. When it rains, visitors will have an experience of the collection, infiltration, purification and storage of rainwater.

Transparent acrylic boards clearly display the internal structure of the flower beds, which surround the garden together with the gabion. Also, the gravel pool not only serves as the entrance to the garden, but also provides a space for learning, sightseeing and relaxing. 

▼科普體驗互動式雨水花園

Rainwater garden for interactive science experience

▼雨水花園雨水徑流方向示意圖

water flow diagram of rainwater garden

▼藝術化的雨水傳輸渠

artistic drinage channel

▼雨水花園的結構展示

display of rainwater garden structure

▼海綿科普展示與景觀設計的結合

sponge city displayed through landscape design

結語

CONCLUSION

怡境設計團隊通過對深圳光明文化藝術中心的生態(tài)融合性設計實踐，讓“海綿”的技術遇上“景觀”的藝術，實現(xiàn)“賦能理想生活，重構永續(xù)生態(tài)”的設計理念，為城市提供了高顏值、高品質的綠色公共空間。

Through ecological and integrated design, GVL team creates a perfect encounter between sponge city technique and landscape art in Guangming Culture & Art Center. With the design idea of “building an ideal life, reconstructing a sustainable ecology”, we once again present a beautiful and high-quality green space for the city. 

_項目信息

_{項目名稱：深圳光明文化藝術中心}

_{設計單位：廣州怡境景觀設計有限公司}

_{建成時間：2020年11月27日}

_{項目規(guī)模：37871.53平方米}

_{項目地點：深圳市光明區(qū)區(qū)政府南側，觀光路、創(chuàng)投路交界}

_{項目類別：景觀設計類}

_{設計團隊：閭邱杰、彭濤、崔文娟、關曉芬、蔡偉群、周顯輝、馮曉揚、周廣森、曹景怡、 彭延久、黃春燕、林文冬、張政、劉行}

_{主創(chuàng)：閭邱杰、彭濤、崔文娟}

_{方案：關曉芬、蔡偉群、周廣森、曹景怡}

_{施工圖：周顯輝、馮曉揚、彭延久}

_{植物：黃春燕}

_{水電：林文冬、張政}

_{結構設計：劉行}

_{攝影機構：廣州怡境景觀設計有限公司}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯(lián)系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}