孫虎先生在第55屆IFLA世界大會上的發言 | 新山水的審視與實踐

2018第55屆IFLA世界大會于2018年7月18—21日在新加坡舉行，此次大會由國際風景園林師聯合會（IFLA）主辦，由新加坡風景園林師學會（SILA）承辦。本屆大會的主題是：Biophilic City, Smart Nation and Future Resilience。山水比德作品【龍湖高碑店?列車新城】，在眾多競爭者中脫穎而出，榮獲文化傳統類(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)卓越獎！【詳細獲獎詳情請點擊左側鏈接！】昨日，山水比德集團董事長兼首席設計師孫虎先生應邀出席于新加坡舉行的第55屆IFLA世界大會，并在大會主會場上作重要發言。

2018AFLA大會主題

自然友好城市/ Biophilia

本主題探討了在快速發展的城市背景下，風景園林的學科和實踐。著名可持續城市研究者Timothy Beatley認為新加坡可作為一個自然友好城市的例子，他反問“到底什么是自然友好城市，它的主要特征和品質是什么？”“也許最簡單的答案是”，他說，“這是一個把自然置于設計、規劃和管理的第一位的城市，它認識到人們日常接觸自然的必要性，以及自然和自然系統所提供的許多環境和經濟價值。”

關鍵詞：生態系統服務、景觀都市主義、綠色基礎設施、康復花園、城市農場

智慧國家/Smart

在越來越數字化的社會背景下定位風景園林，我們渴望擴展我們衡量和評估環境的能力，通過遠程傳感器和探頭的幫助來延伸我們的感覺器官。信息技術和數據分析的出現可以幫助我們量化我們對景觀的理解，以增強我們對設計過程的見解。風景園林學如何作為跨學科的方法和適當地使用技術手段，并且，提供實用的解決方案和新的概念來解決氣候變化、城市化和新的社會愿望帶來的許多艱巨挑戰？

關鍵詞：增強和虛擬現實，地理設計，點云技術，城市信息學，社交媒體，云資源

未來彈性/Resilience

了解風景園林師如何幫助修復城市內受損的基礎設施系統。風景園林師正在逐漸跨越他們的學科，用其他領域的專業知識開發一些框架、概念和工具，以克服生物多樣性喪失、洪水和其他環境沖突的威脅。盡管威脅越來越大，我們如何確保這些系統持續運行，并保持強勁？在受到很大的沖擊后，我們如何用有限的資源來設計和修復？在圍繞城市彈性這一主題問題的持續對話中，風景園林的作用何在？

關鍵詞：減緩氣候變化、多層防御、生物多樣性喪失、干旱、洪水、污染、極端高溫、災害管理

《新山水的審視與實踐》

昨日，山水比德集團董事長兼首席設計師孫虎先生應邀出席于新加坡舉行的第55屆IFLA世界大會，并在大會主會場上作重要發言。他以《新山水的審視與實踐》為題，闡釋了新山水理論在榮獲文化傳統類卓越獎(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)【龍湖高碑店?列車新城】中的運用。發言受到了與會者的廣泛好評。

以下為本場發言實錄>>>

^{▲ 孫虎先生現場發言}

重返自然，正在成為一個普世意義的追求，不論是在設計的，藝術的，生活的……根據多年設計實踐，以及對當代棲居精神的研究，我們提出了基于以重返自然山水為解決路徑的新山水設計方法論——

Returning to nature is becoming a universal pursuit,no matter in design,art and life...

Based on the years of design practice and researchingon

the spirit of contemporary dwelling, we propose solving the nowadays’problem based on returning to natural landscapes.That is,New Landscape Design Methodology.

即根植于山水的自然精神與文化價值，以人比德于自然的情感交流為媒介，依據現代生活的方式，通過當下的科技、工藝與材料等，為一切生命進化的信息流動建構詩意空間。

That is, the natural spirit and cultural value rooted in the landscape;taking the emotional exchange of human beings and nature as the medium,according to the way of modern life; through the current technology, craftsmanship and materials;constructing a poetic space for the flow of information on all life evolution.

以榮獲IFLA文化傳統類(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)卓越獎的河北高碑店紫泉公館為例，文化山水即行宮園林的現代轉譯。

Take the project Gaobeidian Ziquan River Garden for example, which just won the Excellent of Award under the cultural and traditionals category of IFLA. A modern Translation of Palace Gardens.

項目位于河北高碑店，依托紫泉河，是清朝紫泉行宮遺址所在。景觀以紫泉行宮為原型，依托行宮文化，利用古典造園手法，融入現代簡約元素，打造東方色彩濃烈的景觀空間，兼具人文和生態特征。

Lying by the ZiquanRiver in Gaobeidian,Hebei Province, the project site was once the home to ZiquanPalace, a travelling palace for the emperors in Qing Dynasty. The landscape design models after the palace and references its unique culture. It employs the classic gardening approach and incorporates modern and minimalistic elements to create humanistic and ecological landscaped spaces of distinct oriental charm.

紫泉行宮為清朝皇帝南巡駐蹕之所，建于清朝乾隆初年。清乾隆皇帝曾在此駐蹕14次，每每觸景生情，揮毫作詩，累計達125首之多。

Built in the early years during the Qianlong Reign of Qing Dynasty, Ziquan Palace served the emperors on their southern inspection tours. Emperor Qianlong, who stayed over at the palace for 14 tours, was so fascinated and inspired by the views here that he wrote 125 poems about the palace.

^{▲ 清.冷枚.避暑山莊圖 Mountain Resort by Leng Mei of Qing Dynasty}

在充分研究以紫泉行宮及避暑山莊等為代表的行宮園林基礎上，景觀設計對空間邏輯和形式邏輯上進行了現代的解構和重建——

Based on researches of the gardens of travelling palaces like Ziquan Palace and Mountain Resort etc, we deconstruct and reconstruct the spatial and formal logic in the landscape design.

在空間邏輯上，禮制空間與自然空間交融，實現“隱·禮·橋·庭·溪·堂”的重構；在形式邏輯上，達成山水畫卷的抽象純粹表達，從而營造形、境、韻上的山水形制。

Spatial logic

Integration of ritual spaces and natural space

A reconstruction focusing on view-hiding, ritual, bridge, courtyard, stream and hall.

Formal logic

Abstract and pure expression of landscape scroll

Landscape paradigm in form, context and rhythm.

以紫泉行宮為依托，以行宮文化和山水精神為內核，將“禮制”和“自然”交融，以現代手法將古典轉譯設計景觀，在保護和繼承傳統文化的基礎上營造一種千年東方禮儀的詩意氛圍。通過景觀，將自然界的“山水”轉譯為可與現代城市共存的“自然空間”，使山水回歸人的生活，滿足人們寄情山水、頤養心性的精神要求和價值取向。

With reference to ZiquanPalace and focusing on the palace culture and landscape concept thereof, the

project integrates the ritual with the nature, translate the classic garden into landscape through modern approaches, and eventually create a poetic

context of millennial oriental ritual on top of the heritage of traditional culture. 

In landscape design, the natural landscape is translated into natural spaces that can co-exist with the modern city, bringing back the nature to people’s life and meeting their spiritual pursuit and values for nature and inner peace.

白石遮目，如云橫秀嶺。入口處，以隱的手法，呼應“屏山詩”，將空間與外界分隔，形成咫尺山林的幽奧，以自然營造入隱的節點，用現代藝術點題空間。

The white stones block the views,appearing like the white cloud floating over the green mountains. 

The entrance echoes to the poem Screen-like Rockeries with a view-hiding approach to separate the project space with the external one, create a seclusion by the mountain forest and highlight the space with contemporary art works.

山水形制，自然禮遇。

The landscape paradigm pays tribute to thenature.

將山水進行解構和重塑，以古典園林的框景、借景為手法，半遮半透，將遠未遠。

The natural landscape is deconstructed and theclassic gardening approaches are employed to reshape the half-hiding views ofvaried distances.

山水晴嵐，虹橋臥波。橋在行進的動線上制造了一處含蓄的屏蔽：一水之隔不見全貌，隨著階梯的不斷推進，隔岸世界也不短淡入眼前。

A rainbow-like bridge spans over therippling water, while the mountains and lakes are bathed in sunlight. The bridge gently blocks the view to the otherside of the water as one moves around. The view of the opposite side of thewater is only partially visible, attracting the visitors to ascend along thesteps for more views.

水天一色，期然洞見。

由實見虛，虛實結合。透過半透的玻璃幕墻的月洞門，若隱若現的迭水瀑布，精致的造型松，反復推敲的置石，皆有考究。

The sky and moon gate and their reflectionson water surface present a fascinating and inspiring view.

The void is made visible through thesolidness while the two are perfectly blended with each other. The moon gate inthe translucent glass fa?ade, the partially visible cascaded waterfalls, theexquisite potted pines, and the elaborately arranged rockery are all carefullydevised.

芳草緣溪，落英繽紛。

走過毛面板橋，穿過月洞門，豁然開朗，宛如桃花源：山水疊瀑，尋溪而上，曲徑通幽。

Grass and flowers adore the gently flowingstream.

Walking over the rough-facing plank bridgeand through the moon gate, one would be suddenly immersed into a generous openspace of Arcadia. The cascading waterfalls peacefully flow over the elegantlystaggered rockery, while the winding path leads to further seclusion as onemoves against the current of the stream.

青綠山水，登堂入室。

張大千的青綠山水，戶外藝術樹脂地面，色調與建筑互相襯托，形成廣場中心的視覺焦點。兩側的迭水景墻，作為空間氛圍的調節劑，形成中心景觀軸的視覺轉移點。

The landscape that resembles the famousgreen and blue landscape painting of the master painter Chang Dai-Chien, andthe artistic resin ground outdoor echo with the architecture in tone andprovide the visual focus of the square. The cascading water walls on eitherside help foster the desired atmosphere in the space and offer visuallydistracting point of the central landscape axis.

在古典藝術的教養中，我們保有自然的基因。自然，不僅是古典文化的原型，更是文明的未來必然。借由山水，重新審視當下現實，重返自然趨向生態文明，以山水見文化，以自然見文明，創新，引領詩意棲居。

Under the cultivation of classical art, we retain the genes of nature.Nature is not only the prototype of classical culture, but also the future of civilization.

Re-examine the current reality through the landscape, return to nature and tend to ecological civilization

Seeing culture in landscape, seeing civilization in nature.Innovation, leading the poetic dwelling.

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