北林學子包攬2018第55屆IFLA學生景觀設計競賽全部獎項

2018年7月18日上午9時（新加坡時間），2018第55屆IFLA世界大會于新加坡金沙灣國際會展中心盛大開幕。此次大會由國際風景園林師聯合會（IFLA）主辦，由新加坡風景園林師學會（SILA）承辦。本屆大會的主題是：Biophilic City, Smart Nation and Future Resilience。

2018IFLA世界大會學生設計競賽獲獎結果揭曉。歷屆IFLA世界大會的一項重要活動是學生設計競賽。2018IFLA世界大會學生設計競賽將致力于展示世界范圍內具有最高水準的風景園林教育成就。北林園林學子包攬學生設計競賽全部獎項。

學生設計競賽

1st Prize

Group Han Prize for Landscape Architecture

“冰”與“火”之歌

A SONG OF "ICE ＆ FIRE"——Treatment of concentrated rainfall based on arid and semi-arid regions, Shanxi Datong, China

作品題目：“冰”與“火”之歌

作者：周超，李爽，王宏達，趙可極，王亞迪

指導教師：馮瀟，鄭小東，段威

學校：北京林業大學

Project Title：A SONG OF "ICE ＆ FIRE"——Treatment of concentrated rainfall based on arid and semi-arid regions, Shanxi Datong, China

Author(s): Chao Zhou , Shuang Li , Hongda Wang ,Keji Zhao, Yadi Wang

Adviser(s): Xiao Feng, Xiaodong Zheng, Wei Duan

Institution: Beijing Forestry University

設計解讀

該項目位于中國山西干旱半干旱地區，由于人們主要關注當地干旱缺水的問題，而忽視洪水發生的風險，因此，當干旱的土地遭遇集中降雨時，農田、村莊，包括古長城的遺址，都將被嚴重侵蝕。干旱的氣候、集中的降雨和嚴重的水土流失造成了當地生態環境的惡性循環。 水災與干旱的沖突讓我們聯想到“冰與火之歌”的主題立意，希望通過我們的設計能解決場地的沖突，譜出一首生態之歌。

在極端旱澇氣候的背景下，為了解決影響當地的集中降雨帶來的問題，我們提出了3個對策：輸導雨水、儲蓄雨水和利用雨水。創新之處在于：

（1）在降雨期，雨水通過地表徑流流入設計路徑，流經生態集雨地形，減緩徑流的同時削弱了對土壤的沖刷，防止了水土流失。此外，我們使用自愈性混凝土來治療裂縫，防止長城的進一步破壞。

（2）低洼地區水池蓄水。 根據設計路線將降雨引入預先設計好的生態蓄水池，水池周圍的植物，有效地減緩了雨水蒸發。

（3）在干旱期，收集的雨水用于農業灌溉和生活用水，有效地利用雨水。

通過雨水的輸導、儲蓄和再利用，最終，將給當地的生態、生產和生活帶來積極的影響，實現生態的良性循環。

The project is located in arid and semi-arid regions of Shanxi, China. People are mainly concerned with the local drought and water shortages while ignoring the risk of flooding. Therefore, when arid soils encounter concentrated rainfall, farmlands and villages, including the remains of the ancient Great Wall, will be severely eroded. The arid climate, concentrated rainfall and severe soil erosion have caused a vicious circle of local ecological environment.

In the context of the extreme climate with drought and flood, in order to solve the concentrated rainfall that has a great impact on the local ecology and life, we propose 3 strategies: grooming, savings, and utilization of rainfall. The innovation lies in: 

(1) During rainfall, runoff points to the design path. Along the runoff path, ecological catchment landforms are set to reduce soil erosion，and keep water and soil intact. In addition, we use self-healing concrete to heal cracks and prevent further destruction of the Great Wall.

(2) In the low-lying areas, reservoirs were set up, and the rainfall was introduced into them according to the designed route. In order to slow down the evaporation of rainwater, plants are planted around the pool.

(3) During the dry period, the collected rainwater is used for agricultural irrigation and domestic water, and rainwater is used effectively.

Ultimately, these strategies will bring positive benefits to the local ecology, production and life, to realize a virtuous circle of ecology.

2nd Prize

IFLA ZVI MILLER PRIZE

與河跡共生

Symbiosis with River Trace

作品題目：與河跡共生

作者：譚立，張夢晗，蔣鑫，李鑫，孫雪榕

指導教師：王向榮，林箐，吳丹子

學校：北京林業大學

Project Title：Symbiosis with River Trace

Author(s): TAN Li, ZHANG Menghan, JIANG Xin, LI Xin, SUN Xuerong

Adviser(s): WANG Xiangrong, LIN Qing, WU Danzi

Institution: Beijing Forestry University

設計解讀

研究區域位于緬甸東吁古城旁的錫唐河流域。雨季，錫唐河帶來的洪水常常給這片區域的農業生產以及居民的生活造成損失，周邊的產業結構也相對單一。由于地形相對平緩，錫唐河在漫長的歷史演變過程中不斷改道，產生了大量由河流舊道形成的河跡湖（牛軛湖）。

我們期望利用河跡湖形成區域內的一個彈性結構，以應對這里的雨洪災害，改善當地的產業結構并保護郊區的生態資源。該體系包括彈性的雨洪管理、復合的產業結構和可持續的生態服務三部分。

通過對歷史河跡的研究，我們在河跡湖與錫唐河主河道之間構建了一個綠色渠網體系，從而將孤立的河跡湖轉變為調蓄水體，緩解洪水的災害，并在旱季為農田提供灌溉用水。在雨洪系統之上，我們嘗試建立了一個農業和漁業的復合產業結構，在不同季節都能維持一個相對穩定的生產力。隨著植被的修復和生長，這片區域的生態價值亦會逐漸增長，生態游覽與古城文化將逐漸融為一個完整的體系，為城市和區域注入新的活力。

The site is located near the ancient city, Toungoo, Sittang River, Myanmar. Floods caused by river changes and rainfall during the rainy season are natural disasters with the highest frequency and widest impact in this area. At the same time, local industries are single and production capacity is low. The deterioration of the ecological environment has also exacerbated many existing problems.

The landscape resilience of our design is embodied in three aspects: resilient management of rainfall and flood, resilient development of social economy, and sustainable development of ecological service. We plan to construct a rainfall and flood storage system by using existing river trace lakes. Floods are guided into the Oxbow Lake to ease flood pressure during the rainy season. The water can be used for irrigation. The security of the land and people’s life will be ensured. In addition, fishery production can be developed. Discarded sawdust can be used for mushroom cultivation. In this way, the development of agriculture, forestry and fishery will be promoted in an integrated and coordinated manner. We also expect to provide a good habitat for animals and plants through wetland restoration and forest protection. It will form a recreational sightseeing line linking the Oxbow Lake and the ancient city. Our design evolves with natural processes and presents different responses in different period.

Finally, the ability of responding to disasters in this region will be improved, and a sustainable and green industrial structure will be formed.

3rd Prize

Stephen Caffyn Landscape Design Merit Award

藍色屏障

Blue Barrier

作品題目：藍色屏障

作者：葛韻宇，李婉儀，邵明，葉可陌，王宇泓

指導教師：李雄

學校：北京林業大學，美國弗吉尼亞大學

Project Title: Blue Barrier

Author(s): Ge Yunyu, Li Wanyi, Ye Kemo, Shao Ming, Wang Yuhong

Adviser(s): Li Xiong

Institution: Beijing Forestry University, University of Virginia

設計解讀

瓜亞基爾市位于南美洲厄瓜多爾，瀕臨太平洋瓜亞基爾灣，被稱為“太平洋的濱海明珠”。近年來，瓜亞基爾正飽受海平面上升引發的海水倒灌和季節性洪水泛濫所帶來的困擾——海水入侵帶來的土地鹽堿化，導致了大量農田被廢棄；嚴重的洪水帶來的城市雨洪安全，造成了嚴重的經濟損失，濱海明珠逐漸暗淡。

我們的設計尊重自然的力量，建立了一個良好的自然循環系統——在現狀因鹽堿化嚴重而廢棄的瓜亞基爾耕田基礎上進行地形整理，形成若干層級的洼地，通過將城市雨洪引入廢棄田地形成的洼地區域，對洪水徑流進行存蓄利用的同時，利用瓜亞基爾高滲透性土壤特性，促使淡水徑流在限定的洼地范圍內下滲以形成滲透阻咸緩沖區，利用淡水海水間的濃度差有效的將海水入侵區域向內海側推移，同時緩解海水入侵和城市雨洪兩個問題。

本設計在解決城市問題的同時，提供了城市發展的可能——徑流帶來的上游泥沙在廢棄田地沉積，形成次生林帶和原生濕地，提供了城市擴張的空間余地；經過引導的海水在限定的洼地內匯集蒸發，增加土壤和水體的鹽堿度，為白蝦養殖業提供了天然良好的環境，以求促進瓜亞基爾經濟進一步發展。

Located in Ecuador, South America, Guayaquil is known as the ‘coastal pearl of the Pacific Ocean’. Recent years, Guayaquil is suffering from seasonal flooding and seawater encroachment caused by the rising sea levels. A large number of farmland was abandoned because of soil salinization. The coastal pearl is gradually fading. The severe flooding not only has caused serious economic loss but also been a threat to urban security.

Based on the respect of natural forces, we establish an ecological cycle system. In the current site, due to the serious salinization and deserted farming in Guayaquil, the abandoned farmland was reorganized to form levels of depressions to store and purify floodwater. High-permeability soil encourages freshwater runoff to infiltrate through depressions to form an anti-salt barrier zone, the blue barrier. The difference of concentration between freshwater and seawater effectively prevent the seawater encroachment, which mitigates the problems of seawater encroachment and urban flooding at the same time.

Except for solving the urban problems, this design provides possibilities for the development of the city. The upstream sediments brought by runoff will accumulate in abandoned fields, forming secondary forest belts and native wetlands, providing room for urban expansion; The evaporation in the depressions increases the salinity of the soil and water, providing a natural environment for the white shrimp aquaculture industry which promote the further development of the Guayaquil economy.

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