（新）城市科學：利用新數據、新方法和新技術研究“新”城市
(New) Urban Science: Studying “New” Cities with New Data, Methods, and Technologies
作者：龍瀛 LONG Ying
摘要
以互聯網產業化和工業智能化為標志、以技術融合為主要特征的第四次工業革命正以一系列顛覆性技術深刻地影響和改變著我們的城市：人們的思維方式從傳統的機械思維向大數據思維轉換，認知方式也逐漸向虛實結合的體驗過渡，而我們賴以生存的城市，其資源利用、社會狀況和空間利用也正經歷著一系列變革。隨著以計算機技術和多源城市數據為代表的新技術和新數據的迅猛發展，（新）城市科學在過去的十幾年間逐漸興起，成為一門融合了城市計算、人工智能、增強現實、人機交互等方向的交叉學科，為城市研究和城市規劃設計帶來了變革可能。目前全球范圍內已涌現了多家聚焦于該領域的研究機構和多個研究項目。同時，世界各大院校也先后設置與（新）城市科學相關的學位、開設相關課程，培養更加符合新時代需求的新城市研究人才。
關鍵詞
新城市科學；第四次工業革命；城市空間的重構與轉型；大數據；顛覆性技術
Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is profoundly changing our cities with a series of disruptive technologies, characterized for the boom of Internet industries and the everyday application and wide integration of intelligent technologies. Individuals' traditional mechanical thinking has changed into a mindset based on big data, whose cognition also relies more and more on a combination of both virtual and physical reality experience. At the same time, cities, where we live, are witnessing a significant revolution in resource utilization, societal conditions, and spatial use. Along with the surge of new technologies and new data represented by computer technologies and multi-source urban data, the (new) Urban Science, as a transdisciplinary combination of urban computing, Artificial Intelligence, augmented reality, and human-computer interaction, rises over the past decade. Research institutions and programs on the (new) Urban Science are flourishing globally, and increasing related degree programs and courses are offered by colleges and universities worldwide to respond to the needs of this new era.
Key words
New Urban Science; The Fourth Industrial Revolution; Urban Space Restructuring and Transition; Big Data; Disruptive Technology
穿戴式相機在研究個體行為與建成環境關系中的應用
Application of Wearable Cameras in Studying Individual Behaviors in Built Environments
作者：張昭希，龍瀛 ZHANG Zhaoxi, LONG Ying
摘要
隨著第四次工業革命的到來，人們開始不斷探索新技術和新設備在研究個體行為與城市設計關系上的潛力。穿戴式相機的出現為監測個體在空間中的行為、形成個體"生命日志"提供了更多可能。本文以個體佩戴者為單位，探究穿戴式相機在研究個體行為與建成環境關系中的應用。研究通過人工識別、調用計算機視覺分析應用程序編程接口、利用Matlab進行色彩識別三種方式，對佩戴者在一周時間內收集到的8 598張照片進行了圖像識別，并對比了三種方法的優劣勢。隨后，基于準確性較高的人工識別結果，研究對個體行為特征、時間分配、路徑轉移、場所事件等方面展開分析。研究表明，穿戴式相機采集的圖片大數據庫蘊含豐富的個體行為與時空信息，可以有效描述個體在空間中的行為特征，對研究個體行為與建成環境之間的關系具有重要意義。
關鍵詞
可穿戴設備；時空間行為；生命日志；數字自我；圖片大數據
Abstract
With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, people have begun to explore the potential for new technologies and new devices in studying the relationship between human behavior and urban design. The emergence of wearable cameras offers more possibilities for monitoring individual behavior in built environments as a kind of “lifelog.” This article explores the applications of wearable cameras in studying the relationship between individual behavior and built environments. Using manual image identification, image recognition with Computer Vision Application Programming Interface (API), and color calculation in Matlab, this study analyzed 8,598 photos recording the volunteer's behaviors and activities during a week. Based on high-accuracy manual image identification results, the research analyzed the volunteer's behavior, time use, movement path, and experiencing scenes. The study showed that the big data base of images collected by the wearable cameras contained rich individual activities and spatiotemporal information that could be used to effectively describe the individual behavior in space and further contribute to the study of the relationship between individual behaviors and built environments.
Key words
Wearable Device; Spatiotemporal Behavior; Lifelog; Quantified Self; Big Data of Pictures
無人機測量在景觀設計科研與實踐中的應用
UAV Measurement in Landscape Architecture Research and Practice
作者：李復，常賀星 LI Fu, CHANG Hexing
摘要
傳統景觀測量自動化程度較低，時間與人力成本較高。本文介紹了無人機測量在景觀設計領域相關場景的前沿研究與實踐應用進展，詳細闡釋了無人機測量在建立景觀場地數字模型、分析與三維可視化的應用，展望了無人機在其他領域的應用可能對景觀設計帶來的啟發。本文認為，相較于傳統衛星測量和地面工程測量，配合傳感器的無人機測量方式可快速獲得相對高精確度、高分辨率和高時效的二維及三維數據，并為景觀規劃設計的分析提供多源數據支持，有效提升工作效率，與當前科研及實踐流程高度融合。通過對多源數據進行融合與建模，可快速構建目標場地的基礎景觀數字模型，輔助研究與規劃設計，為景觀設計領域的數字化發展提供基礎。
關鍵詞
無人機；測量；景觀設計；數字三維模型；點云
Abstract
Traditional landscape measurement methods often lack automation and cost lots of time and manpower, resulting in a low level of digitization in the field of Landscape Architecture. This paper introduces new research and application of UAV measurement in Landscape Architecture and related fields for generating terrain and three-dimensional scenes and landscape correlation analyses. It also forecasts the application of UAVs in other fields that may inspire the practice of Landscape Architecture. The paper suggests that, compared with the traditional satellite measurement and ground engineering surveying, UAVs can quickly obtain two- and three-dimensional data by using airborne sensors with relatively high accuracy, high resolution, and short timeframes, capturing diverse data that supports the research and practice of landscape planning and design and improves the working efficiency. Therefore, this method is highly compatible with the existing research and practice mode. Through fusion and modeling, these multi-source data can help construct basic digital models to assist the analysis, planning, and design of sites. Taken together, this improves the overall level of digitization of the profession of Landscape Architecture.
Key words
UAV; Measurement; Landscape Architecture; Digital 3D Model; Point Cloud
大都市區綠地碳儲存能力及其空間分布特點探究：以韓國首爾市為例
Quantifying the Carbon Storage Capacity and Its Spatial Distribution Patterns of Green Spaces in a Metropolitan Area: A Case Study of Seoul, South Korea
作者：韓依紋，張舒，殷利華 HAN Yiwen, ZHANG Shu, YIN Lihua
摘要
綠地作為城市重要的生境類型可提供諸多生態系統服務功能。其中，綠地的碳儲存功能可有效減緩溫室效應，這在全球氣候變暖的背景下顯得尤為重要。由于精細化的空間數據通常較難獲取，已有研究往往粗略地將綠地歸納為幾種土地利用類型以計算其碳儲存量。然而，由于綠地內植被群落特點不同，其碳儲存能力也有所差別。本文以韓國首爾市為例，旨在探索城市中多種綠地類型的碳儲存能力及其空間分布特點?；?005年和2015年首爾市的高精度生境數據，本研究歸納了17種目標綠地類型，運用InVEST-Carbon模型對其碳儲量進行估算,可視化定量綠地的碳儲存量并明確其內部群落碳儲存能力的空間分布規律。本研究不僅可為首爾市及其他類似區域的生態保護實踐和可持續土地規劃與管理提供科學依據，也可為我國城市生態系統服務功能評估和綠地更新策略的制定提供借鑒。
關鍵詞
綠地；生態系統服務；碳儲存；生境；InVEST模型；熱點；空間分布
Abstract
As a significant habitat type in cities, green spaces can provide various ecosystem services. Among them, the carbon storage of green spaces would effectively alleviate greenhouse effect, which is particularly important under the global warming. Due to difficulties in accessing high-resolution spatial data, previous research has summarized green spaces into different land use types to calculate carbon storage. However, since different vegetation communities have different characteristics, carbon storage capacities of green spaces vary. Focusing on the Seoul City, South Korea, this research aims at exploring the carbon storage capacities of varied green spaces and its distribution patterns. Based on the high-resolution habitat data of Seoul City in 2005 and 2015, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model is used to estimate and visualize the carbon storage capacities of 17 types of green spaces to reveal the distribution patterns of carbon storage of different communities in the city's green spaces. This study not only provides a scientific basis for ecological protection practices and sustainable land planning and management in Seoul and other similar regions, but also offers a reference for urban ecosystem service assessment and green space renewal strategy development in China.
Key words
Green Spaces; Ecosystem Services; Carbon Storage; Habitat; InVEST Model; Hotspot; Spatial Distribution
九問：淺論新科技對城市環境規劃與設計的影響
Nine Questions toward Influences of Emerging Science and Technology on Urban Environment Planning and Design
作者：姜斌 JIANG Bin
摘要
科技在近十年來發展迅猛已經是不爭的事實，它正在不斷挑戰和刷新人們對城市環境、人類生活，甚至是人性本身的固有認知。同時，它對城市環境規劃與設計的沖擊也不容忽視，且需要相關規劃設計人員積極應對?？萍疾]有嚴格的權威定義，它是一個不斷自我更新的概念。狹義而言，人類發明或發現的新材料、新技術和新數據等屬于科技范疇；廣義而言，其也可包括由新材料、新技術和新數據產生的新的行為、情感、觀念和哲學。本文從圖像技術、被圖像馴服的設計、設計師的困境、虛擬現實、個人移動電子設備、大數據技術、肉身桎梏、公共空間和自然9個方面探討了科技的發展在當代及未來可能對城市環境的規劃與設計產生的積極或消極影響。鑒于這一討論目標的宏大性，本文只是一種掛一漏萬的嘗試，并未為所提出的問題提供確鑿的答案，而希望通過對9個重要話題的探討，促進讀者對這些問題的深入了解和獨立思考。
關鍵詞
科技；城市環境；規劃設計；人類未來；反思與疑問
Abstract
There is no doubt that science and technology have progressed rapidly in the past decade and it is constantly challenging and refreshing people’s understanding of urban environment, human life, and even human nature itself. Meanwhile, its impact on urban environment planning and design should not be ignored and needs to be addressed promptly. The concept of science and technology is self-renewing and has no universal or authoritative definition. In a narrow sense, new science and technology may cover any new materials, technologies, and data invented or discovered by a human; in a broader sense, it might also study new behaviors, emotions, concepts, and philosophy arisen by new materials, technologies, and data. This article explores both positive and negative impacts of science and technology development on urban environment planning and design from nine aspects: image technology, image-tamed design, designers’ dilemma, virtual reality, personal mobile electronic devices, big data, human physical limits, public spaces, and nature. Instead of trying to provide definite answers to these questions, this article seeks to encourage readers’ to understand and think of these topics through a brief discussion.
Key words
Science and Technology; Urban Environment; Planning and Design; Mankind's Future; Reflections and Questions
競爭、并存與共贏--智能設計工具與人類設計師的關系
From Competition, Coexistence to Win-Win — Relationship between Intelligent Design Tools And Human Designers
作者：何宛余 HE Wanyu
摘要
隨著智能設計工具在建筑設計、城市規劃等領域的應用越發普遍，對其核心本質、存在價值與發展脈絡的探討與梳理也變得越發必要。作者基于自身多年的研究與實踐經驗指出，智能設計工具的本質特征之一是其能夠與人類進行互動（如對人類設計師的方案進行基于復雜標準的判斷、優化與反饋）；其重要價值在于解放人類設計師的雙手以促進其提升自身核心競爭力，以及打破設計知識與理念傳播的壁壘。在具體的規劃設計工作中，人類設計師與智能設計工具各有所長，兩者應互為補充、共同進步。作為人工智能等新興科學與傳統設計學科相互啟發與融合的產物，智能設計工具在未來的應用領域將不斷擴展，并推動建筑設計、城市規劃和景觀設計等學科之間更為密切的合作，在提高設計質量與行業整體效率的同時，促進對設計哲學與深層價值的深入探討。
關鍵詞
人工智能；建筑設計；工具；深度學習；智能輔助
Abstract
With its increasingly wide application in the fields of architecture and urban planning, intelligent design tools require a review on its essence, core value, and evolution. Based on her several years' experience of research and practice, the author points out that one of the essential characteristics of intelligent design tools is their ability to actively interact with humans (such as the assessment, optimization, and feedback of human designer's schemes). The core value of intelligent design tools lies in that they can liberate human designers from repetitive work and break down the barriers in communicating design knowledge and ideas. Human designers and intelligent design tools both have their own strengths in the real practices; the two should complement each other and make progress together. Being a product of inspiration and integration between emerging sciences, such as artificial intelligence, and traditional design disciplines, intelligent design tools will enjoy an ever-expanding realm of application. It will facilitate cross-disciplinary cooperation in Architecture, Urban Planning, and Landscape Architecture at varied scales, which not only promotes explorations on design philosophy and deep design values, but also help improve design quality and the overall efficiency of the industry.
Key words
Artificial Intelligence; Architectural Design; Tools; Deep Learning; Intelligent Assistance
走向遠方：新工具與新技術在景觀設計領域的應用測試
Going Afield: Experimenting with Novel Tools and Technologies at the Periphery of Landscape Architecture
作者：埃米莉?施里克曼 Emily SCHLICKMAN
摘要
如今，景觀設計師在設計實踐中正面臨著前所未有的復雜挑戰。為了更好地適應并應對這些問題，景觀設計領域試圖擺脫傳統工具與設備的限制，引入源自其他行業的新興工具?；诓粩鄡灮脩趔w驗的硬件、更為直觀的軟件和逐漸降低的成本，越來越多的人能夠有機會接觸并使用這些工具。然而，多數新興工具最初都是為其他領域的專業人士所量身定制，因此并不能直接為設計領域所沿用。本文認為，唯有通過嚴謹的分析和評估，才能進一步將新興技術應用于景觀設計實踐。通過剖析SWA集團XL研究與創新實驗室就無人駕駛飛行器、沉浸式環境技術和機器學習算法這三種新興工具的局限性所進行的實驗和測試，本文試圖厘清這些工具在設計行業的應用潛力。具體而言，本文概述了每種工具所涉及的技術，同時提供案例研究以判斷其在景觀設計實踐中的應用前景，并依據實驗結果列明每種工具的優勢和局限，最終展望了這些工具在未來的應用可能。
關鍵詞
工具；技術；設備；無人駕駛飛行器；虛擬實；混合現實；機器學習
Abstract
Landscape architects are facing unprecedented challenges and complexities associated with design projects of today. To better adapt and evolve in light of these issues, the toolbox for the profession is currently expanding beyond traditional implements and devices to include emerging tools that have originated in other industries. The barriers to entry for these tools are continuously being lowered due to more user-friendly hardware, more intuitive software, and increased affordability, allowing them to get into the hands of more people. Yet, many of these emerging tools now available to professionals originated elsewhere and cannot be simply transferred over to the design world. This article argues that there is a need to critically evaluate and assess new technologies for use in landscape architectural practice. It unpacks how the XL Research and Innovation Lab at SWA Group has experimented with and tested the limitations of three new tools — unmanned aerial vehicles, immersive environment technologies, and machine learning algorithms - to better understand their potential for design. For each tool, the article provides an overview of its technology, a case study testing the technology for use in landscape architectural practice, a list of observed strengths and limitations, and a projected roadmap for future applications.
Key words
Tools; Technologies; Devices; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Virtual Reality; Mixed Reality; Machine Learning
從交通基礎設施到綠色基礎設施—無人駕駛城市中的柔性未來道路
From Transportation Infrastructure to Green Infrastructure — Adaptable Future Roads in Autonomous Urbanism
作者：羅亞丹 LUO Yadan
摘要
現代道路設計為機動車駕駛者留出了巨大的容錯空間，部分區域在午間和夜間等非高峰時段多處于閑置狀態，使用率極低。而新興的無人駕駛技術則可減少容錯空間的設置，同時，以該技術為代表的一系列交通技術創新也將重塑城市的形態與空間。當算法控制之下的無人駕駛汽車可以實現精準駕駛時，80%的現有車道空間將可轉換為以植被為主的透水空間，由原有交通路網改造而成的巨型綠色基礎設施網絡也將覆蓋城市的每個角落，為修復城市生態系統的連續性提供可能。此外，在高峰時段，云計算系統將為機動車優先分配路權；而在非高峰時段，因機動車路權縮小而釋放出的道路空間將為戶外餐飲和露天音樂會等活動提供場所。作為景觀設計師，作者呼吁更多從業者從生態環境、公共空間和人文關懷等角度展望無人駕駛城市的未來。
關鍵詞
無人駕駛汽車；技術；交通；綠色基礎設施；道路柔化
Abstract
Modern road systems consist of a large amount of driving fault-tolerant space for security reasons, leaving much of the area vacant and underutilized in off-peak hours. The emerging autonomous vehicle technology may address this problem while reshaping the urban structure and space through transportation technology innovations. Once the algorithm-controlled vehicles can realize an accurate running, 80 percent of the existing roads can be transformed into vegetated permeable surfaces. As a result, the whole road system will be converted into a pervasive green infrastructure network, which provides an opportunity to enhance the continuity of urban ecosystem. Moreover, the cloud computing technology may help distribute more lanes to vehicles during peak hours and shrink vehicles' right of way during off-peak hours. The saved road space could support activities such as outdoor restaurants and concerts. Finally, the author encourages more landscape architects to contribute to a better future of autonomous urbanism with their visions of eco-environment, public space, and humanity.
Key words
Autonomous Vehicle; Technology; Transportation; Green Infrastructure; Road Softening
Roboat：阿姆斯特丹自動船系統
Roboat: A Fleet of Autonomous Boats for Amsterdam
作者：蕾娜?約翰遜，法比奧?杜阿爾特，卡洛?拉蒂 Lenna JOHNSEN, Fábio DUARTE, Carlo RATTI
摘要
歷史上，在那些擁有發達的、或自然或人工河道網絡的城市中，貨運和客運都有賴于船舶。近幾十年來，城市運輸已逐漸由卡車、貨車和汽車等工具承載，這一轉變損害了城市的環境和宜居性。本文以荷蘭阿姆斯特丹城市運河上的自動船系統為例，探索自動駕駛這一新興技術將如何促進城市基礎設施的再利用。研發團隊設想通過一組自動化水上平臺緩解以上問題，并使之成為一種新型城市基礎設施。該計劃中既涉及微觀尺度的設想（向公眾公開水質數據），也包括宏觀尺度的宏大愿景（建立匯集了新鮮農產品的自動化平臺網絡，這些平臺可以聯合起來形成水上農夫集市）。通過應對城市日常生活中的現實問題，Roboat可成為一個幫助市民營造符合時代需求的美好城市生活的平臺。
關鍵詞
Roboat；阿姆斯特丹；水上交通；水上移動工具；智能工具；人工智能
Abstract
Historically, in cities with robust systems of canals and rivers, boats were used for the movement of freight and people. In recent decades, this transport has shifted to trucks, vans, and cars, compromising the environment and livability of these cities. In this article we explore how an emerging technology, autonomous vehicles, can foster the re-appropriation of an urban infrastructure — in this case, the deployment of a fleet of autonomous boats in the city of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which is imagined not only to serve multiple purposes, but also to become a novel urban infrastructure. The ideas range from the micro scale (public dashboards for water quality data) to the macro (a network of autonomous platforms that collect fresh produce from farms and combine together to form floating farmer's markets). These ideas seek to engage the realities of everyday life in the city and propose Roboat as a platform to help citizens negotiate the 21st century urban life.
Key words
Roboat; Amsterdam; Water Transportation; Floating Vehicle; Intelligence Tool; Artificial Intelligence
規劃設計智能化調研工具——“貓眼象限”調研分析系統的特點與應用
Cat's Eye - An Intelligent Investigation Tool for Urban Planning and Design
作者：王騰，茅明睿，崔博庶 WANG Teng, MAO Mingrui, CUI Boshu
摘要
在城市精細化治理的發展趨勢和信息技術應用日益廣泛的背景下，提升規劃設計調研的智能化水平是規劃設計行業的迫切訴求?；诖?，城市象限團隊研發了“貓眼象限”調研分析系統，其主要應用于中微觀尺度的規劃設計調研，以照片位置信息為應用出發點、計算機視覺技術為支撐，實現了規劃設計調研過程的空間化記錄和圖像資料的有序管理?！柏堁巯笙蕖币苿佣送ㄟ^標簽和照片命名等方式，可以便捷采集空間環境、設施情況、行為活動等信息；桌面端則可以進行調研結果的可視化、視頻分析和數據管理等高級功能操作。本文首先介紹了“貓眼象限”的設計構思、技術運用、功能構成，以及使用方法，隨后結合具體案例，從空間環境、設施情況和行為活動三個方面展示了基于“貓眼象限”的調研操作方法。最后，結合產品的使用情況和城市智能化發展現狀，研發團隊展望了“貓眼象限”產品的改進方向及未來智能化調研工具的發展趨勢。
關鍵詞
規劃設計調研；智能化調研；圖像識別技術；深度學習；貓眼象限
Abstract
Under the backdrop of refinement of urban governance and the increasingly broad application of information technology, an urgent demand for intelligent investigation has emerged among urban planning and design professions. Cat’s Eye, an intelligent investigation tool developed by UrbanXYZ, operates with position information of survey photos and computational vision technology, realizing spatial mapping and photo management in investigations of medium- and small-scale planning and design projects. The Cat’s Eye applet is designed to collect information of spatial setting, facility / amenity conditions, and human behaviors and activities; and its PC terminal is developed for higher investigation needs such as result visualization, video analysis, and data management. This article introduces the product architecture, technical innovation, interface and operation, and investigation methods of Cat's Eye. Furthermore, by combining authentic cases, the article illustrates how Cat’s Eye investigates the spatial setting, facility / amenity, and human behaviors in survey areas. Finally, the article prospects the future of intelligent investigation tools.
Key words
Planning and Design Investigation; Intelligent Investigation; Image Recognition Technology; Deep Learning; Cat's Eye
北京什剎海金絲套濱水空間的視覺感知意象研究與眺望景觀優化策略
Research on Visually Perceived Image and Strategies for Vista View System Improvement of the Jinsitao Waterfront of Shichahai in Beijing
作者：劉祎緋，牟婷婷，黃子薇，哈日桂 LIU Yifei, MOU Tingying, HUANG Ziwei, HA Rigui
摘要
視覺感知是人們感受環境并產生意象的最直接的方式之一，亦是城市意象研究的重要數據來源。本文以北京什剎海金絲套濱水空間為研究對象，基于由穿戴式相機獲取的圖片數據和對數據進行處理后得到的意象感知體系，探索對該地區眺望景觀進行優化的規劃設計策略，以為城市歷史街區的景觀提升提供參考。研究選取前海北沿至后海南沿共800m的路徑作為游線，采集30位志愿者穿戴便攜式攝像機GoPro的游覽影像，按每秒一幀連續截取25 000余張圖片；隨后，通過識別和分析圖片中的意象并對感知點和感知對象進行空間定位，可得到基于視覺的意象感知體系；進而建議：在歷史地段的規劃中應當更加注意整體風貌的營造以及重要標志物的打造，優化景觀視線廊道，構建完整的眺望景觀體系。
關鍵詞
城市意象；視覺感知；可穿戴設備；歷史地段；眺望景觀
Abstract
Visual perceiving is one of the most important and direct ways to perceive physical environment and instantly generate images of it. The data gained from visual perception lays a foundation for the research on city images. This study concentrated in the Jinsitao Waterfront of Shichahai area in Beijing. By collecting photos with wearable cameras and generating an image map of visual perception through image identification and analysis, this study explores strategies for improving vista view system in the study area, offering a reference for other research on historical district renewals in cities. Thirty volunteers were asked to tour along an 800-meter path from the north edge of Qianhai to the south edge of Houhai recording the scenery with GoPro cameras on their foreheads. Over 25,000 screenshots were then captured consecutively from the video documents. By identifying and analyzing these screenshots, mapping perceiving locations, and corresponding them to perceived objects, an image perception map was generated, from which a series of planning and design strategies were developed to suggest that future historical districts’ planning practices should enhance the protection of a site’s overall image and distinctive landmarks, as well as the improvement of visual corridors and vista view system.
Key words
City Image; Visual Perception; Wearable Device; Historical Site; Vista View System
基于增強現實的規劃支持工具：以建筑形態合規性檢驗為例
Planning Support Tool for Checking Building Form Legality with Augmented Reality
作者：程嬌華，沈振江 CHENG Jiaohua, SHEN Zhenjiang
摘要
本文以日本《建筑標準法》規定下建筑形態管理的合規性檢驗為例，開發了一種基于增強現實技術的規劃支持工具（AR-PST），其可將虛擬現實建筑模型、建筑規范與真實場地相結合，以檢驗設計方案是否符合相關建筑規范或設計指南。用戶可以在移動設備（如智能手機、平板電腦等）上使用此工具與建筑模型進行互動，更充分地了解設計方案及其對真實建筑場地環境的可能影響，以對其進行更精確的評估。在此基礎上，研究通過問卷調查和訪談的方式開展了AR-PST的用戶體驗測試。結果表明，此工具具有創造性的功能設計和良好的交互性，可以提高設計師與用戶之間的溝通效率并為城市規劃與設計工作提供幫助。
關鍵詞
增強現實；城市設計；建筑規范；三維模型；規劃支持工具
Abstract
In this research, we used Augmented Reality technology to develop a planning support tool (AR-PST) which combines virtual building models and building regulations with a real site to effectively check whether design alternatives obey the building regulations or design guidelines, and realizes detection of violations of the building form control regulations under the Building Standards Law of Japan. Through the AR-PST, the users can interact with the building models using mobile devices (such as smart phones and tablets) to further understand design proposals as well as their influence on the environment around the real construction sites to achieve a more reasonable evaluation of them. User experience investigation for this tool was then carried out via questionnaire and interview. The results show that the AR-PST has creative functional design and good interactivity which can improve the communication efficiency between designers and users and assist urban planning and design.
Key words
Augmented Reality; Urban Design; Building Regulations; 3D Model; Planning Support Tool
坦桑尼亞農用無人機
Drones for Agriculture in Tanzania
作者：索尼婭?貝查爾特 Sonja BETSCHART
摘要
WeRobotics是一家總部位于美國和瑞士的非營利性組織，致力于促進南半球國家廣泛參與新興技術的普及和應用。通過不斷擴大其地方知識中心——飛行實驗室遍布非洲、拉丁美洲、亞洲和南太平洋的全球網絡，WeRobotics不斷推進無人機和人工智能等機器人技術在這些地區的本土化落地，從而彌合區域間的數字鴻溝。同時，WeRobotics還通過提供最佳實踐范例和培訓項目，助力社會公益，并在其構建的全球社區中進行知識共享。本文以WeRobotics在坦桑尼亞多多馬地區的首個農用無人機項目為例，闡述了如何將相關技能和機器人技術傳授給飛行實驗室合作方，以及如何公開分享試點項目和最佳實踐的經驗，以塑造當地環境韌性及地區競爭力。
關鍵詞
無人機；坦桑尼亞；小型農場；遙感；地面實況數據
Abstract
WeRobotics is a young U.S. / Swiss based non-profit organization that builds inclusive participation and local capacity in the application of emerging technologies in the Global South. It bridges the digital divide by localizing robotics technologies like drones and artificial intelligence through its growing global network of local knowledge hubs — Flying Labs in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the South Pacific, accelerating the social good sector through best practices and training programs and sharing knowledge through its global community. Taking WeRobotics’ first drone agriculture project in the Dodoma region in Tanzania as an example, this article exemplifies how to transfer relevant skills and robotics technologies to Flying Labs’ partners and openly share learnings of pilot projects and best practices to build local resilience and competencies.
Key words
Drone; Tanzania; Smallholder Farms; Remote-Sensing; Ground-Truth Data
推進沉浸式數據交互的虛擬現實技術
Virtual Reality for Immersive Data Interaction
作者：皮婭?弗里克 Pia FRICKER
摘要
在這個由技術發展塑造的時代，現實與虛擬世界的邊界正在逐漸消融，當下我們面臨的挑戰是如何重新定義虛擬現實與混合現實在景觀設計領域應用的潛力。基于對此類技術的主要應用領域的批判性分析，可以得知當前的研究重點是優化虛擬空間的三維可視化與導航系統。在專業實踐，特別是智能建筑行業中，混合現實工具正在被越來越多地應用于市場測試與設計決策的商務溝通。
迄今為止，沉浸式環境在景觀設計領域的應用仍缺乏以人為中心的數據交互與空間感知研究。由芬蘭阿爾托大學景觀設計與都市主義計算方法研究室實踐應用教授皮婭?弗里克帶領的團隊正致力于研究全新的沉浸式協同設計方法，以為參與式設計過程提供極具價值的新型研究路徑。由此，混合現實的應用可突破常規用途，并基于數據信息處理促進跨學科沉浸式互動空間的創建。本文展示的研究與教學成果反映了全球對“數字人文—大數據與以人為中心的設計”這一宏大議題的探討。
關鍵詞
虛擬現實；混合現實；增強現實；景觀設計；參與式設計；沉浸式互動；數據分析
Abstract
In a time shaped by technological developments dissolving the boundaries between the real and the virtual world, we are challenged to newly define the potentials of virtual and mixed reality in the field of landscape architecture. Critical analyses of the primary application areas of these technologies show that the current focus mostly lies on the optimization of 3D visualization and navigation in virtual space. Within professional practice, mixed reality tools are increasingly being used to test and communicate design decisions, for marketing purposes, and more often, within the smart building industry as well.
Thus far, the incorporation of immersive environments in landscape architecture is lacking research on human-centered data interaction and the perception of space. At Aalto University, Finland, the team of Pia Fricker, Professor of Practice for Computational Methodologies in Landscape Architecture and Urbanism, researches new immersive co-design methodologies to introduce new meaningful trajectories for participatory processes. Mixed reality applications are thus extended beyond common and conventional uses to help create multidisciplinary immersive interactive spaces using data informed processes. The research and teaching results showcased in the article address international discourse on the larger theme of “Digital Humanism — Big Data and Human-Centered Design.”
Key words
Virtual Reality; Mixed Reality; Augmented Reality; Landscape Architecture; Participatory Design; Immersive Interaction; Data Analysis
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