地址：北京市海淀區中關村北大街100號（北樓）北京大學建筑與景觀設計學院一層 Email：info@landscape.cn
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俞孔堅?橋園捍衛日記
——《景觀設計學》2015年第4期“主編寄語”
Diary to Defend Qiaoyuan Park
By Kongjian Yu
2013年12月20日
一封署名“天津安捷醫院丁寶琦”的來信，讓我感動萬分：
俞孔堅院長：今晨發現，您設計的天津橋園在施工，經詢問民工，要把部分高地泡泡改成廣場。您設計的橋園獨具特色，我們喜歡！他們改造是否征得您的同意？希望通過您的影響，阻止他們亂改！致禮！
信非常簡短，連標點符號算上，也不過90個字，卻是我在設計師職業生涯中收到過的最難忘、最令人感動的“使用后評價”，同時也是對設計師的權力和尊嚴的界定和委婉的問責。而此時，離天津橋園建成已過去整整五年了！
我馬上拿起電話，向這位可敬的“使用者”了解詳細情況。原來，當地園林管理部門以橋園“蘆葦泛濫，有礙觀瞻；茅草過高，易釀火災；存在治安隱患；缺少群體活動場地”等理由，準備鏟除蘆葦，推平濕地，修建設有健身器材的廣場和收費的兒童游樂園。老人還告訴我，實際上他和每天來橋園的同伴們喜歡的正是這蘆葦和茅草的野趣，而與公園一路之隔的小區旁已經有很多的健身器械和兒童游樂場地了，沒有必要再在橋園里設這些商業性的游樂設施。
我立即在天津市河東區政府網站留言，并向天津市規劃局的領導致電，將丁老人的意見轉達給他們，希望將工程停下來。公園主管部門卻對丁老人反映的情況不以為然，并說“廣大市民反映公園荒野，強烈要求加強管理和改造。公園改造工程已經啟動，不可能停下來。”顯然，他們把這位老人排除在“廣大市民”之外了。當我無奈地將這個結果告知老人后，老人痛心地說：“他們就是想把橋園整成那種庸俗不堪的修剪綠籬和觀賞草坪了！”于是丁老人便通過“人民網地方領導留言欄”給天津市市長黃興國寫信：
……位于河東區萬新村的橋園公園正在大規模改造……俞院長聽后極為震驚……但我強烈呼吁：
1、立即停止橋園公園的改造工程！
2、立即與公園設計者俞孔堅博士聯系，共同商議橋園公園的改造問題！
倔強的老人又找到當地新聞記者，希望媒體幫助呼吁。
2013年12月21日
丁老人將他寫給孫、黃二位市領導的內容寄給了天津市委孫春蘭書記，并在信尾寫道：
我們擔心的是這樣一個文化底蘊很深的藝術品，會被改造成一個平俗的公園，或者是一個只顧經濟效益的場所，這是萬萬要不得的……我們不希望這樣令人痛心疾首的事情在我們的大地上發生！……我是一名癌癥患者，我要用我剩下的時間和精力為這個公園奔走呼吁。
2013年12月23日
受其感動，我今天給黃興國市長寫了一封題為《關于天津橋園公園人工濕地改建一事的意見》的信：
近日收到一位天津市民來信，反映天津橋園的人工濕地正在遭受毀壞，他對這樣的做法表示非常不解，特寫信來質詢我是否知道這一改建……對這一情況，我非常心痛，并已向河東區委留言反映，卻無任何積極回應。故特向您匯報此事，請予以制止并恢復原設計……為了能留住這樣一個市民喜歡的公園，我懇請市長能請有關部門重新考慮公園的改建工程，保留這一具有世界意義的獨特景觀！
2013年12月24日
丁老人再次給我來信，言語中已顯凄楚和無奈：
……這兩天橋園的改造工程并無停止的跡象。我估計他們不會理睬我的……天津本來就是具有七十二沽的一片濕地，如今成了大都市，留下這片濕地實屬不易，現在卻又要把她鏟除，令人痛心！
……再見吧！令人難忘的橋園！……
……如果他們的改造取得您的認可，不改初衷，我們也不反對，現在我只是一種擔心。
2013年12月27日
由于一直沒有收到回復，我再次給黃興國市長寫信：
……貴處完全不與我溝通就進行與設計主題背離的改建，實在是讓我感到氣憤和悲哀。氣憤的是，貴處作為擁有眾多全國優秀領導的直轄市，居然沒有尊重人的意識，在完全不通知公園設計師的前提下進行改建，這是一種對設計師的漠視。悲哀的是，我作為公園的設計師，對這種亂改亂建的行為卻無能為力……面對這樣一個受市民喜愛的公園，天津卻迫不及待地將其破壞，真是令人匪夷所思。再次懇請您重新考慮公園改建一事，并期待您的回復。
2013年12月30日
我日前給黃興國市長的信終于發揮了作用，黃市長責成天津河東區市容委員會來京征求我的意見。主任和副主任等一行3人于傍晚來到我的辦公室，轉達了天津市領導的重視態度，并表示要征求我的意見再進行橋園的改造。我強烈要求尊重當地使用者的意愿，尊重設計者的原創，使景觀恢復到原設計；并向他們宣講了以蘆葦為特色的橋園所產生的獨特的“大腳”美，與他們所欣賞的“小腳”傳統審美觀有本質的區別，而恰恰是我們的普通老百姓真正懂得了這種美。所以，要改造的不是公園的蘆葦濕地，而應該是他們的價值觀。三人表示一定會尊重設計師的理念，尊重普通使用者的意愿。
2014年2月3日
今天，北京大學李迪華教授獲悉天津橋園遭受改造，立即給天津市規劃局的領導發送了短信：
剛才一位在上海工作的德國設計師電話我，他慕名專程到天津看橋園，只見到一片工地，非常不解；我亦驚訝，不知發生了什么。一個被全球設計師朝圣的工程如若被毀，請轉告河東區領導，這可能會成為國際丑聞的，橋園改造一定要慎重。
2014年3月5日
終于，捍衛橋園的行動得到了天津市政府的重視，改造工程被半途叫停了，我們的設計隊伍被再次邀請進場，對改造工程進行了重新設計并對工程進行了監理。盡管濕泡泡中的蘆葦已經被鏟除，野趣已經消失了許多，兒童樂園也被引入，但公園的整體景觀還是得到了基本維護，避免了一場徹底的浩劫。
2015年7月26日
我再次造訪橋園，萬分欣慰地看到數以千計的使用者在公園的野花野草的背景中，陶醉于他們所愛好的休閑和運動。我想，丁老人此時也一定在這群人里，正陶醉于因為他的捍衛而保留下來的這片都市自然綠洲之中。
而我則更慶幸這位素未謀面的、熱心的使用者給予我的生動的一課：設計師的任務不應該因完成設計或實現作品或完成工程而結束，更應該關心其所發揮的效益及使用者的利用情況。我感激這位身患絕癥的使用者，因為他不僅僅捍衛了自己生命最后時光中的那份自然、鄉土和美麗，也幫助我捍衛了設計師的尊嚴和權力；我也敬畏這樣一位普通的使用者，因為他界定了設計師的責任和義務，告誡我們：在使用者眼里，設計師的責任是終身的。同時亦告誡了掌握權力和財力的管理者：設計師有權利和義務捍衛其設計不被篡改—當然，也有權利和義務根據使用者的需求來改變其設計。
譯劉姝杰戈?雷克漢姆
December 20, 2013
I was deeply touched by a letter from Baoqi Ding in Tianjin Ansett Hospital:
“Dear Dean Yu: I happened to notice construction under way in Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park this morning. The builders told me they were going to transform part of the wetlands into squares. We really like your unique design for Qiaoyuan Park. Did they have your permission for the renovation? I am writing in the hope that your influence can prevent the willful violation to your design. Yours Sincerely!”
It is a very brief letter, at most 90 Chinese characters if one counts punctuation. But it is the most memorable and impressive “post-occupancy evaluation” that I have ever received throughout my career as a designer. It also defines, and tactfully questions, the rights and dignity of a designer. And by the time it was written, five full years had passed since Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park was built!
After reading his letter, I picked up the phone to call the worthy “user” for details. It turned out that the local park and recreation authorities planned to eradicate reeds and fill the wetlands in Qiaoyuan Park to build a square with fitness equipment and a profit-making children’s amusement park instead. The reason given was that there were “too many reeds to provide a view; the fire risks of high grass; security risks; lack of community venues” etc. On the phone the old man also told me that what daily visitors like him enjoyed most was the “messy” native landscape of reeds and thatch. Moreover, he claimed that there was no need to provide more commercial entertainment facilities as there are many in the community a road away from the park.
I immediately left a message on the government website of Hedong District, Tianjin City and called the leader of Tianjin Planning Bureau to forward Mr. Ding’s suggestion on halting the reconstruction. However, the park regulators think little of it, saying “the general public regard the park as wild and urge us to strengthen management and renovation. It is impossible to stop the work as the project has been launched.” Obviously, they excluded the old man from “the general public.” Upon my helpless reply, Mr. Ding lamented, “They are going to make Qiaoyuan Park a place of the vulgar trimmed hedges and ornamental lawns that can be seen everywhere!” So the old man wrote to Xingguo Huang, Mayor of Tianjin, through “Local Leadership Message Column at people.cn”:
“Qiaoyuan Park, located in Wanxin Village of Hedong District, is under large-scale reconstruction.... Dean Yu, its designer, was extremely shocked by this.... I strongly appeal:
First, call an immediate halt to the reconstruction of Qiaoyuan Park!
Second, make immediate contact with Doctor Kongjian Yu to discuss the reconstruction!”
To double his efforts, this old man also asked local media for help.
December 21, 2013
Mr. Ding forwarded his letter to the governors to Chunlan Sun, Secretary of the Tianjin Municipal Committee. At the end of the letter he wrote:
“We really worry that a place of deep cultural heritage and art will be transformed into a common park or a place for mere economic benefit. This will be an absolute disaster.... We do not want such awful misfortune to occur in Tianjin, our hometown!... I am a cancer sufferer but I will use the rest of my time and energy to save this park.”
December 23, 2013
Deeply touched, I wrote a letter to Mayor Xingguo Huang with the title of “Suggestions on Wetlands Reconstruction in Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park”:
“I recently received a letter from a citizen of Tianjin asking if I knew about the damage to the constructed wetlands in Qiaoyuan Park, in which he wondered why the damage was being done.... I am very sad at this situation, and have left a message to Hedong District Committee, but with no positive response. Therefore, I would like to report to you with the hope of halting the reconstruction and restoring the original design in order to retain a cherished park. I earnestly request that you could advise administrators and regulators to reconsider the reconstruction and maintain this globally unique landscape!”
December 24, 2013
Mr. Ding wrote me another letter, in which he seemed sad and helpless:
“ There is no sign of the reconstruction stopping.... I guess they just ignored my appeal.... Tianjin became a metropolis city at the cost of its original seventy-two wetlands, most of which were destroyed by decades of urban development: how lucky that the wetlands in Qiaoyuan Park survived. But now they are going to be eradicated. How sad!
... Farewell! Lovely Qiaoyuan Park!... If they get your approval for the transformation, so that it will stay within the original design, I will not oppose them. But now I am really worried.”
December 27, 2013
As there was no reply to my first letter to Mayor Xingguo Huang, I wrote a second one:
“I am suffering a mixture of sorrow and anger at your reconstruction plans, which are completely contrary to my original design. To my anger, it seems as mere disdain for designers if someone changes their design without any notice. I wonder how such little respect is shown for humanity in Tianjin Municipality when it is managed by many of our country’s outstanding leaders. Sadly, as the designer of the park, I am powerless against this arbitrary reconstruction.... It is hard to believe that Tianjin cannot wait to destroy a park cherished by its people. Once again I hope you reconsider the reconstruction of Qiaoyuan Park, and look forward to your reply.”
December 30, 2013
The letter to Mayor Xingguo Huang finally worked, and he asked the Cityscape Committee of Hedong District, Tianjin to come to Beijing for my advice on the reconstruction. A group of three people including the Director and Deputy Director came to my office tonight, conveyed the full attention that the Tianjin leadership pays to the issue, and asked for my ideas. I demanded deeper respect for the will of local users and for the park’s designer, and asked that the landscape be restored to the original design. I also illustrated the unique aesthetics of Qiaoyuan Park created by reeds and other wild yet ecological elements. Ordinary people who possess a true understanding and appreciation of the beauty of this landscape, I argued. Therefore, it was not the wetlands that required transformation, but the authorities’ value. The group of three promised to respect the will of ordinary users and the designer's ideas.
February 3, 2014
Professor Dihua Li at Peking University sent a text to the leader of Tianjin Planning Bureau once he knew the reconstruction:
“A German designer working in Shanghai just called me to express his confusion and surprise at the reconstruction work underway in Qiaoyuan Park, which he arranged a special trip to Tianjin in order to visit. I was also surprised at this and do not know what has happened. Please forward my words to the leaders of Hedong District: a project admired by global designers, if destroyed, may become an international scandal. The authorities must act sensibly and wisely on the decision of the reconstruction.”
March 5, 2014
Finally, all our efforts in the defense of Qiaoyuan Park have paid off: Tianjin Municipal Government called an end to their project and our design team has been invited to work on the renovation and to supervise the follow-up construction. Despite the fact that the reeds in the wetlands have been eradicated, much of the rustic charm has disappeared and children’s playgrounds have been introduced, the overall landscape has been maintained at a basic level and a complete catastrophe has been avoided.
July 26, 2015
The next time I visited Qiaoyuan Park, I was more than pleased to see thousands of users having fun amongst the wild flowers and weeds. I believe that Mr. Ding is among them, enjoying the urban natural oasis saved by his efforts.
I have been lucky to learn a good lesson from this never-met, enthusiastic user: a designer’s task should not end with the submittal of their design or the completion of their project. Instead we should be concerned about its effectiveness and how it has been used. I am grateful to this user diagnosed with cancer, because he not only defended the beauty of natural “messiness” in the last days of his life, but also helped me to defend the rights and dignity of a designer. I feel great respect for such ordinary users because they define the responsibilities and obligations of a designer, telling us: in the eyes of the users, we should take lifelong responsibility for our design. Also, regulators with power and money should learn from this case: designers have the right and the obligation to defend their designs — though, of course, designers also have the obligation to improve their designs to meet users’ needs.
TRANSLATED BY Shu LIU Jago RACKHAM
地址：北京市海淀區中關村北大街100號（北樓）北京大學建筑與景觀設計學院一層 Email：info@landscape.cn
Copyright ? 2013-2022 景觀中國（www.36byz.com）版權所有 京ICP備05068035號
京公海網安備 110108000058號
